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1、2012第1周翻译练习及答案1．汉译英：在元朝末年，朝廷变得腐败无能。许多读书人都坚信蒙古人已失掉了天命，不再能统治天下了。然而他们当中谁曾料到，天命竟然会落到朱元璋这样一位几乎终生目不识丁的人头上。明太祖朱元璋出身极其微贱，除了天生才具之外一无所有。他的父母是极其贫苦的农民，因饥荒而背井离乡。为了不至于全家都饿死，他们把儿子卖进了寺庙。朱元璋做了几年小和尚，然后就跑掉当了土匪。在当时天下大乱、反叛四起的情况下，他这么做倒是顺理成章。过了一些年，他在南京登基坐殿，开创了明朝近三百年的江山。InthefinalyearsofYuandynasty,theimperialgovernmentha
2、dbecomecorruptandincompetent.ManyscholarsfirmlybelievedthattheMongolshadlostthemandateofheaventorulethecountry.ButnoneofthemexpectedthatthemandateofheavenwouldbepassedontoZhuYuanzhang,whoremainedvirtuallyilliterateallhislife.ZhuYuanzhang,theEmperorTaizuofMing,wasamanofthemosthumbleorigin，withnothin
3、gbuthisnaturalabilityathisdisposal.Hisparentswerepoorpeasants.Forcedtoleavetheirhomelandbecauseoffamine,theysoldtheirsonintoaBuddhistmonasterytosavebothhislifeandtheirown.Afterafewyearsasanovicemonk,Zhuranawayandbecameabandit．Thiswasalogicalstepforhimtotake,consideringthegreatconfusionoftheage,with
4、revoltsbreakingouteverywhere.Someyearslater,heascendedthethroneinNanjingandproclaimedthefoundingoftheMingdynasty,whichwastolastnearly300years.2．英译汉：TheWeatherinHisSoulGeorgeSantayanaLetmecometothepointboldly;whatgovernstheEnglishmanishisinneratmosphere,theweatherinhissoul.Itisnothingparticularlyspi
5、ritualormysterious.Whenhehastakenhisexerciseandisdrinkinghisteaorhisbeerandlightinghispipe;when,inhisgardenorbyhisfire,hesprawlsinanaggressivelycomfortablechair;whenwell-washedandwell-brushed,heresolutelyturnsinchurchtotheeastandrecitestheCreed(withgenuflexions,ifhelikesgenuflexions)withoutinthelea
6、stimplyingthathebelievesonewordofit;whenhehearsorsingsthemostcrudelysentimentalandthinnestofpopularsongs,unmovedbutnotdisgusted;whenhemakesuphismindwhoishisbestfriendorhisfavoritepoet;whenheadoptsapartyorasweetheart;whenheishuntingorshootingorboating,orstridingthroughthefields;whenheischoosinghiscl
7、othesorhisprofession——neverisitaprecisereason,orpurpose,orouterfactthatdetermineshim;itisalwaystheatmosphereofhisinnerman.Tosaythatthisatmospherewassimplyasenseofphysicalwell-being,ofcoursingbloodandaprospe
