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1、CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS1.1 PrincipalComponentsToday'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.1.2 EngineTheengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionen
2、gineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidet
3、hecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.1.3 BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafean
4、dcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.1.4 ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrive
5、tothewheels.Themaincomponentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.1.5 Electrical EquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,hea
6、ter,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.NewWordsPrincipalcomponent 主要部件category
7、 种类，类型body 车身chassis 底盘layout 布置powerunit 动力装置internalcombustionengine 内燃机cylinder 汽缸gasoline 汽油spark 火花ignition 点燃，点火diesel 柴油机compression 压缩shaft 轴transmission 传动系sheetmetal 金属板shell 外壳hood （发动机）罩trunkdeck 行李舱盖cargo 货物styling 样式assembly 总成，装配suspension 悬挂，悬置shock 冲击steering 转
8、向，操纵brake 刹车，制动器clutch 离合器gearbox 变速器driveshaft 传动轴fin
