资源描述：
《毕业设计翻译(房建方向)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、CONCRETEANDMORTAR1.EarlyHistoryofCementandConcreteShelterfromtheverybeginningofman/existence,hasdemandedtheapplicationOfthebest,availabletechnologyofthecontemporaryera.Intheearliestages,structuresconsistedoframmedearth,orstoneblockslaidoneonanotherwithoutbenefitofanybond
2、ingorcementingmedium.Stabilityofthestonestructuresdependedontheregularsettingoftheheavystones,Theearliestmasonryprobablyconsistedofsun-driedclaybricks,setinregularcoursesinthinlayersofmoistmud.Whenthemoistmuddried,asolidclaywallresulted.Construction:ofthiskindwascommonin
3、thedrydesertareasoftheworld.BurntgypsumasacementingmaterialwasdevelopedearlyintheEgyptianperiodandwasapparentlyusedinconstructionofsomeofthepyramids.LatertheGreeksandRomansdiscoveredmethodsofburninglimestonetoproducequicklimewhichwassubsequentlyslakedforuseinmakingmortar
4、.BoththeGreeksandtheRomanslearnedthatcertainfinesoilorearth,whenmixedwiththelimeandthesand,producedasuperiorcementingmaterial.TheGreekmaterial,avolcanictufffromtheislandofSantorin,isstillusedinthatpartOftheworld.ThebestofthematerialsusedbytheRomanswasatufforashfromthevic
5、inityofPozzuolinearMt.Vesuvius,hencethename“pozzolan”usedtoidentifyacertaintypeofmineraladmixtureusedinconcretetoday.ThecementproducedbytheRomanswasahydrauliccement,thatis,ithadthecapabilityofhardeningunderwater.ManyoftheRomanstructureswereconstructedofaformofconcrete,us
6、ingthesematerials,andstonemasonrywasbondedwithamortarsimilarlycomposed.DuringtheMiddleAgesofhistory,theartofmakinggoodmortarwasnearlylost,thelowpointhavingbeenreachedinaboutthellthcentury,whenmuchinferiormaterialwasused.Qualityofthelimestartedto13improveatthistimeandinth
7、e14thcenturyorlatertheuseofpozzolanswasagainpractised.OneofthemostfamousprojectsofthecomparativelyrecentperiodwastheconstructionofthenewEddystoneLighthouseoffthecoastofEnglandin1757--59.JohnSmeaton,theengineeranddesignerofthestructure,investigatedmanymaterialsandmethodso
8、fbondingthestonesforthebuilding.Engineeringandscientificdevelopmentwasbeginningtomoverapidlyatthistime,
