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1、附录一：英文技术资料翻译英文原文ROUTINGANDSWITCHING1.LOCALAREANETWORKS(LANS)Organizationsoftenneednetworkstoconnectgeographicallycloseresources,suchasPCslocatedinthesamecollegeclassroomorbusinessoffice.SuchnetworksareknownaslocalareanetworksorLANs.MostLANsareoftheclient-ser
2、verorpeer-to-peervariety.ThemostwidespreadtopologyforLANsdesignedtofunctionasdatacommunicationfortheinterconnectionoflocalcomputer-basedequipmentisstartopology,inwhichthemajorequipmentusedtoconnectavarietyofcomputer-baseddevicesarehubsorswitches.TypicalLANpr
3、oductofusingthestartopologyisthemostfamousEthernetwhichdominatestheLANworldtoday.EthernetIEEE802.3supportsaLANstandardoriginallydevelopedbyXeroxandlaterextendedbyajointventurebetweenDigitalEquipmentCorporation,IntelCorporation,IntelCorporation,andXerox.Thisw
4、ascalledEthernet.2.SwitchSwitchesarebasicallymulti-portbridges,butsharesomecharacteristicswithrouters.Likerouters,switchesworkbydividingupthenetworkintoanumberofsegments.Switchingisperformedatlayer2ofthesever-layermodel-thesameasbridging.Sinceitperformedatla
5、yer2,theMACaddressisused,whichisindependentofprotocoladdress.Likeabridge,aswitchlearnswhichaddressresideoneachofitsportsandthenswitchesdataappropriately.AswitchcanbedesignedusingconventionalmicroprocessorsordedicatedASIC(Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuit
6、)technology.3.RouterRoutershavebeenknownbyseveralnames.BackinancienttimeswhenwhatisnowInternetwascalledAPPANET,routerswerecalledIMPs,forinternetmessageprocessors.Morerecently,routercalledgateways,remnantsofthisnomenclaturestillbefoundintermssuchasBorderGatew
7、ayProtocol(BGP)andInteriorGatewayRoutingProtocol(IGRP).IntheOpenSystemInterconnection(OSI)world,routersareknownasIntermediateSystem(IS).Router,asaname,isprobablythemostdescriptiveofwhatthemodernversionofthesedevicesdo.Aroutersendsinformationalongaroute-apath
8、–betweentwonetworks.Thispathmaytraverseasinglerouterormanyrouters.Furthermore,ininter-networksthathavemultiplebestroute.Shouldthatroutebecomelessthanoptimalorentirelyunusable,therouterselectsthe
