地质英语常用词汇

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1、Petrology岩石学Igneousrock火成岩Magmaticrock岩浆岩Lava(vocanicrock)火山岩Intrusive(invade)rock侵入岩Effusiverock喷出岩Plutonicrock深成岩Pypabyssalrock浅成岩Acidrock酸性岩Intermediaterock中性岩Basicrock基性岩Ultrabasicrock超基性岩Granite花岗岩Porphyry斑岩Porpyrite盼岩Rhyolite流纹岩Syenite正长岩Trachyte粗面岩Diorite闪长岩Andesite安山岩Gabbro辉长岩Basalt玄武

2、岩Aplite细品岩Pegmatite伟晶岩Diabase辉绿岩Dunite橄榄岩Pumice浮岩Sedimentaryrock沉积岩Clastic碎屑岩Clayrock粘土岩Chemicalrock化学岩Biolith生物岩Conglomerate砾岩Siltstone粉砂岩地质英语常用词汇岩石类型(rocktype)Mudstone泥岩Shale页岩Salinerock岩盐Limestone石灰岩Dolomite白云岩Marl泥灰岩Volcanicbreccias火山角砾岩Volcanicagglomerate火山集块岩Tuff凝灰岩Metamorphicrock变质岩Sla

3、te板岩Phyllite千枚岩Schist片岩Gneiss片麻岩Quartzite石英岩Marble大理岩Mylonite糜棱岩Migmatite混合岩Cataclasite碎裂岩Sediment(deposit)沉积物、沉积层Boulder漂石、顽石Cobble卵石Gravel砾石Sand砂Silt粉土Clay粘土Sandyclay砂质粘土Clayeysand粘质砂土Sandyloam壤土、亚粘土Regolith(topsoil)浮土(表土)Loess黄土Laterite红土Peat泥炭Ooze软泥(海泥)岩石物理性质(physicalcharacterofminerals)H

4、ardness硬度Luster光泽Color颜色Transparency(pellucidity)透明度Streak条痕Rent(fracture)断口Crystalform晶型Classification分类Structure构造Texture结构Fabric组成Mineralcomposition矿物组成Crystalline结晶质AmorphoussubstanceIF品质Fossil化石Degreeofrounding磨圆度Degreeofgrains粒度工程地质(engineeringgeology)Geotechnics(geotechnique)土匸学、土工技术、岩

5、石工程Rockmechanics岩石力学Soilmechanics土力学Geomechanics地质力学(岩石力学)Engineeringgeologicalconditions工程地质条件Engineeringgeologicalproblems工程出也质问题Rockmassstructure岩体结构Geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形地貌条件Geophysicalphenomenon物理地质现象Hydrogeologicalconditions水文地质条件Naturalmaterials天然材丰斗Reservoir水库Settlement沉降

6、Displacement位移Defonnation变形Tectonicstress松)造应力Residualstress残余应力Angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角Cohesion内聚力(凝聚力、粘聚力)Pressuretunnel压力隧洞Undergroundcavem/cavity地下洞室Overburden覆盖物Bedrock(baserockfoundationrock)基岩Firmrock(soundrock)硬岩Weakrock(softrock)软岩Interbed夹层Zoneoffracture(brokenzones)破碎带Homogeneit

7、y均质性Nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)非均质性Isotropy各向同性Anisotropy各项界性地质年代(geochronologyofgeologictime)Archaeozoicera(erathem)太古代(界)Proterozoicera(erathem)元古代(界)Palaeozoicera(erathem)古生代(界)Mesozoicera(erathem)中生代(界)Cenozoicera(erathem)新生代(界)Sinianpe