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1、雅思阅读测试试卷姓名______________班级______________学号_____________ACADEMICREADING60minutesREADINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.StrikingBackatLightningWithLasersSeldomistheweathermoredramaticthanwhenthunderstormsstrike.The
2、irelectricalfuryinflictsdeathorseriousinjuryonaround500peopleeachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Asthecloudsrollin,aleisurelyroundofgolfcanbecomeaterrifyingdicewithdeath-outintheopen,alonegolfermaybealightningbolt'smostinvitingtarget.Andthereisdamagetopropertytoo.Lightnin
3、gdamagecostsAmericanpowercompaniesmorethan$100millionayear.ButresearchersintheUnitedStatesandJapanareplanningtohitback.Alreadyinlaboratorytrialstheyhavetestedstrategiesforneutralisingthepowerofthunderstorms,andthiswintertheywillbraverealstorms,equippedwithanarmouryof
4、lasersthattheywillbepointingtowardstheheavenstodischargethundercloudsbeforelightningcanstrike.Theideaofforcingstormcloudstodischargetheirlightningoncommandisnotnew.Intheearly1960s,researcherstriedfiringrocketstrailingwiresintothundercloudstosetupaneasydischargepathfo
5、rthehugeelectricchargesthatthesecloudsgenerate.ThetechniquesurvivestothisdayatatestsiteinFloridarunbytheUniversityofFlorida,withsupportfromtheElectricalPowerResearchInstitute(EPRI),basedinCalifornia.EPRI,whichisfundedbypowercompanies,islookingatwaystoprotecttheUnited
6、States'powergridfromlightningstrikes.'Wecancausethelightningtostrikewherewewantittousingrockets,'saysRalphBernstein,manageroflightningprojectsatEPR!.Therocketsiteisprovidingprecisemeasurementsoflightningvoltagesandallowingengineerstocheckhowelectricalequipmentbearsup
7、.BadbehaviourButwhilerocketsarefineforresearch,theycannotprovidetheprotectionfromlightningstrikesthateveryoneislookingfor.Therocketscostaround$1,200each,canonlybefiredatalimitedfrequencyandtheirfailurerateisabout40percent.Andevenwhentheydotriggerlightning,thingsstill
8、donotalwaysgoaccordingtoplan.'Lightningisnotperfectlywellbehaved,'saysBernstein.'Occasionally,itwilltakeabranchandgosomeplaceitwasn
