资源描述：
《农场收入的变化和劳动力的供应【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：FarmIncomeVariabilityAndTheSupplyOfOff-FarmLabor出处：Zhongguoshehuikexue,1999,no.2作者：AshokK.MishraAndBarryk.Iffarmersareriskaverse,greaterfarmincomevariabilityshouldincreaseoff-farmlaborsupply.ThiseffectisconfirmedforasampleofKansasfarmers.Off-farmemploymentoffarme
2、rsandtheirspousesisalsofoundtobesignificantlyinfluencedbyfarmexperience,off-farmworkexperience,farmsize,leverage,efficiency,andfarm-specificeducation.Inaddition,farmoperatorsandspouseswhoreceivesignificantincomesupportthroughgovernmentfarmprogramsarelesslikelytoworkoffthefarm.T
3、hismaysuggestthatpolicychangesreducingfarmincomesupportpaymentsmayincreaseoff-farmemploymentoffarmersandtheirspouses.Keywords:incomevariability,off-farmlaborsupply,risk.ThetotalnumberoffarmsintheUnitedStatesdecreasedby63.5%between1950and1993.Overthesameperiod,thetotalnumberoffa
4、rmoperatorsdecreasedby18.9%(U.S.DepartmentofCommerce).Theprimaryreasonsforthesechangesarethatthesupplyofagriculturalprod-uctsgrewfaster(duetotechnicalchange)thande-mandandrelativewageratesroseinnonfarmsec-tors.Thesechangeswereparalleledbysignifi-cantlygreaterworkoffthefarmbyU.S
5、.farmers.In1992,over83%ofU.S.farmersworkedoffthefarmmorethan100daysperyear,upfrom62%in1974(U.S.DepartmentofCommerce).Economictheorymaintainsthatrisk-neutralfarmerswilldividetheirlaborsupplybetweenfarmandnonfarmemploymentopportunitiessuchthatexpectedmarginalreturnsareequal-ized.
6、Ifexpectedmarginalreturnsaregreaterinoneopportunity,morelaborwillbedevotedtothatalternative.However,ifproducersareriskaverseandperceivethevarianceofwages(orearnings)tobegreaterinoneoccupationthananother,theywillallocatelesstimetotheriskyjobandwillbewillingtoacceptlowerwagesinth
7、elessriskyalternative.Changesintheriski-nessriski-nessofemploymentalternativesthuschangetheallocationoflabor.The1980sarecom-monlyperceivedtohavebeenavolatileperiodforU.S.agriculture.Farmearnings,debt,andassetholdingswerehighlyvariableintheearly1980s.Suchchangesbroughtaboutincre
8、asedvariabilityoffarmwagesandthusmayhavein-fluencedoff
