OFFSETTING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM TOURISM【外文翻译】

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1、（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译外文题目：OFFSETTINGCARBONDIOXIDEEMISSIONSFROMTOURISM出处：LandcareResearch,Lincoln8152,NewZealand作者：P.Hart,S.BeckenandI.TurneyINTRODUCTIONTourismisattractingincreasingattentionasanemitterofgreenhousegasesandaconsequentcontributortoclimatechange.G?sslingsuggested

2、thatCO2emissions(adjustedfornitrousoxidesandwateremittedbyaircraft)fromtourismmaybeintheorderof5.3%oftheglobaltotal.Ninetypercentoftheseemissionscomefromtransport.Withintransportthereisnowagrowingdebateonaviation’sroleinclimatechange.Penneretal.(2)estimatethatinternationalavi

3、ationcontributesabout3.5%toclimatechange.MostattentionhasfocusedontheemissionofCO2andneglectedothereffects,includingemissionofozoneandnitrousoxides,condensationtrailsandincreasedcirruscloudiness,whichintotalcontributetoclimatechangesignificantlymorethandoCO2emissions(3).Sofar

4、theinternationalaviationindustryhasnothadtofaceuptofueltaxesorotheremissionreductionschemes,asbunkerfuelslieoutsidetheKyotoProtocol.TheEuropeanUnionisnowactivelyconsideringstepstowardscurbinggreenhousegasemissionsfromtransport,andrecentlytheInternationalCivilAviationOrganisat

5、ion’sCommitteeonAviationEnvironmentalProtectionagreedonamodelforvoluntarymeasurestoreduceemissionsfromaeroplanes(3).InNewZealand,planningisunderwaytointroduceacarbontaxin2007cappedatNZ$25atonneofCO2(4)subjecttotheKyotoProtocolcomingintoforce.Mitigationoptionsforthetourismindu

6、stryincludeimprovingenergyefficiency,replacingfossilfuelwithrenewableenergysources,andcarbonoffsetting.Continuingimprovementsintransportfuelefficiencyareexpectedandhydrogen-poweredcarsarebeingdeveloped.Inthemediumtermtherearenopracticalalternativestokerosene-basedfuelsforairc

7、raft.TheoffsettingorsequestrationofCO2asbiomass(usuallytrees)istermed‘mitigation’becausethegrowthofnewforestswillreducetheamountofatmosphericCO2(KyotoProtocol,Article3).Littleisknownabouttouristawarenessoftheimpactsoftravelonclimatechange,ortouristwillingnesstomitigatetheirim

8、pactby,forexample,sequesteringcarbon.Touristsmaynotseethelinkbetween