飞机起落架设计(中英文对照)-副本

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1、ToyAircraftLandingGearLayoutsModelingMostaircrafttodayhavethreelandinggear.Twomainlandinggearstrutslocatednearthemiddleoftheaircraftusuallysupportabout90%oftheplane'sweightwhileasmallernosestrutsupportstherest.Thislayoutismostoftenreferredtoasthe"tricycle"landinggeara

2、rrangement・However,therearenumerousotherdesignsthathavealsobeenusedovertheyears,andeachhasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages・Lefstakeacloserlookatthevariousundercarriageoptionsavailabletoengineers・TailwheelorTaildraggerGearThoughthetricyclearrangementmaybemostpopulartod

3、ay,thatwasnotalwaysthecase.Thetailwheelundercarriagedominatedaircraftdesignforthefirstfourdecadesofflightandisstillwidelyusedonmanysmallpiston—engineplanes・Thetaildraggerarrangementconsistsoftwomaingearunitslocatednearthecenterofgravity(CG)thatsupportthemajorityofthep

4、lane'sweight.Amuchsmallersupportisalsolocatedattherearofthefuselagesuchthattheplaneappearstodragitstail,hencethename・Thistailunitisusuallyaverysmallwheelbutcouldevenbeaskidonaverysimpledesign.Whatmakesthisformoflandinggearmostattractiveisitssimplicity.Thegearareusuall

5、yrelativelylightweight,andthetwomaingearcanalsobeeasilyencasedinstreamlinedfairingstoproducelowdraginflight.Anotherpotentialadvantageresultsfromthefactthattheplaneisalreadytiltedtoalargeangleofattackasitrollsdowntherunway.Thisattitudehelpstogenerategreaterliftandreduc

6、ethedistanceneededfortakeofforlanding・Thisattitudeisalsoanadvantageonpropeller—drivenplanessinceitprovidesalargeclearaneebetweenthepropellertipsandtheground.Furthermore,taildraggerplanesaregenerallyeasierforgroundpersonneltomaneuveraroundinconfinedspaceslikeahangar・Ho

7、wever,thegreatestliabilityofthisIandinggearlayoutisitshandlingcharacteristics.(handlingcharacteristics)・Thisdesignisinherentlyunstablebecausetheplane'scenterofgravityislocatedbehindthetwomaingear.Iftheplaneislandingandonewheeltouchesdownfirst,theplanehasatendencytovee

8、roffinthedirectionofthatwheel.Thisbehaviorcancausetheaircrafttoturninanincreasinglytighterngroundloop'*thatmayeventuallyresu