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1、SundayReview
2、CONTRIBUTINGOP-EDWRITERHowtoRaiseaCreativeChild.StepOne:BackOffAdamGrantJAN.30,2016THEYlearntoreadatage2,playBachat4,breezethroughcalculusat6,andspeakforeignlanguagesfluentlyby8.Theirclassmatesshudderwithenvy;theirparentsrejoiceatwinningthelottery.Bu
3、ttoparaphraseT.S.Eliot,theircareerstendtoendnotwithabang,butwithawhimper.Considerthenation’smostprestigiousawardforscientificallygiftedhighschoolstudents,theWestinghouseScienceTalentSearch,calledtheSuperBowlofsciencebyoneAmericanpresident.Fromitsinceptionin1942un
4、til1994,thesearchrecognizedmorethan2000precociousteenagersasfinalists.Butjust1percentendedupmakingtheNationalAcademyofSciences,andjusteighthavewonNobelPrizes.ForeveryLisaRandallwhorevolutionizestheoreticalphysics,therearemanydozenswhofallfarshortoftheirpotential.
5、Childprodigiesrarelybecomeadultgeniuseswhochangetheworld.Weassumethattheymustlackthesocialandemotionalskillstofunctioninsociety.Whenyoulookattheevidence,though,thisexplanationdoesn’tsuffice:Lessthanaquarterofgiftedchildrensufferfromsocialandemotionalproblems.Avas
6、tmajorityarewelladjusted—aswinningatacocktailpartyasinthespellingbee.Whatholdsthembackisthattheydon’tlearntobeoriginal.Theystrivetoearntheapprovaloftheirparentsandtheadmirationoftheirteachers.ButastheyperforminCarnegieHallandbecomechesschampions,somethingunexpect
7、edhappens:Practicemakesperfect,butitdoesn’tmakenew.ThegiftedlearntoplaymagnificentMozartmelodies,butrarelycomposetheirownoriginalscores.Theyfocustheirenergyonconsumingexistingscientificknowledge,notproducingnewinsights.Theyconformtocodifiedrules,ratherthaninventi
8、ngtheirown.Researchsuggeststhatthemostcreativechildrenaretheleastlikelytobecometheteacher’spet,andinresponse,manylearntokeeptheiroriginalideastothemselves.InthelanguageofthecriticWilliamDeresiewicz,theybecometheexcellentsheep.Inadulthood,manyprodigiesbecomeexpert
9、sintheirfieldsandleadersintheirorganizations.Yet“onlyafractionofgiftedchildreneventuallybecomerevolutionaryadultcreators,”lamentsthepsychologistEllenWinner.“Th
