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1、CHARLESN.LIANDSANDRAA.THOMPSONANEXPLANATIONOFWORDORDERCHANGESYO-+SOVO.INTRODUCTIONIIfalanguagedevelopsfreelywithoutanyexternalinfluence,whatarethe,possibledirectionsinwhichitswordordercanchange?Althoughthisim-.Illquestionremainstobecomethesubjectofintensiveinvestigations,studieshavebeen
2、attemptedrecently(e.g.Lehmann(1973),Venne•(1973)).Inthispaperwewill(a)presentanumberofempiricalfactsthehistoricaldevelopmentofChinesesyntaxtodemonstratethattheofwordorderchangeinMandarinChinesehasbeenSVO-+SOYshowthattheessentialpathwayofwordorderchangesisthecollapsingcomplexsentencesint
3、osimplesentenceswithanewwordorder,ratherthanthedirectreorganizationofsententialelementswithinthesetofsimplesentences,and(c)concludethatthetheoreticaldirectionsandpathwaysor•wordorderchangesareflexibleandnumerousandremaintobediscovered·throughcarefulempiricalinvestigations.•••..I.SVO-+so
4、vINMANDARINCHINESEchangefromSVOtoSOYinChinesehasbeenaslowprocessthatbeganthantwomillenniaago.Wewillsummarizeourfindingsdemonstrating"'~uchachangeinthefollowing:.'.-,.i.',.',ArchaicChinese''''ModernChinese..S+Y+PPS+PP+VPP=preposition+NP.(I)cMyUyOugil(Mencius,late4thcenturyB.C.),i,.ttfe
5、mergefromdarkvalley·'!"I;~_,-J;-J:,':,.--,~;~Theterm"ArchaicChinese"isusedtodenotetheperiodfromthe11thcenturyB.C.to'{"the4thcenturyB.C.]tisaconvenientandappropriatetermherebecausehistoricalfacts--::indicatethatthechangefromSVOtoSOYhaditsbeginningasearlyasthe2ndcentury,,',B.C,andremainsi
6、ncompleteinpresentdayChinese.Anideographversionofexamples'.~,fromArchaicChineseisappendedattheendofthisarticle.WearegratefultoRichardCh'jforwritingtheideographs.'ofLanguage12(1974)201-214.Allrightsreserved.202CHARLESN.LIANDSANDRAA.THOMPSON(2)c6ngyOugilch1l1ai(ModernChinese)fromdarkvalle
7、yemerge=emergefromdarkvalleyModernChinesestillretainsinstancesofS+V+PP.Suchforms,however,onlyoccurunderspecialconstraints,suchasthemonosyllabicityandthelackofcomplexmorphologicalstructureoftheverb.Thefollowingsentenceswillillustratethisconstraint:,"(3)Zhang-sanshilizaichuang-sh
