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ID:41296099
大小:1.33 MB
页数:28页
时间:2019-08-21
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1、ChapterSixVisionVisualCodingandRetinalReceptorsReception-absorptionofphysicalenergybyreceptorsTransduction-theconversionofphysicalenergytoanelectrochemicalpatternintheneuronsCoding-one-to-onecorrespondencebetweensomeaspectofthephysicalstimulusandsomeaspectofthenervoussystemactivityVisualCodingand
2、RetinalReceptorsFromNeuronalActivitytoPerceptioncodingofvisualinformationinthebraindoesnotduplicatethestimulusbeingviewedGeneralPrinciplesofSensoryCodingMullerandthelawofspecificenergies-anyactivitybyaparticularnervealwaysconveysthesamekindofinformationtothebrainQualificationsoftheLawofSpecificEn
3、ergiestherateoffiringorpatternoffiringmaysignalindependentstimulitimingofactionpotentialsmaysignalimportantinformationindicatingsuchthingsasmovementthemeaningofoneneurondependsonwhatotherneuronsareactiveatthesametimeVisualCodingandRetinalReceptorsTheEyeandItsConnectionstotheBrainPupil-openinginth
4、ecenteroftheeyethatallowslighttopassthroughLens-focusesthelightontheretinaRetina-backsurfaceoftheeyethatcontainsthephotoreceptorsTheFovea-pointofcentralfocusontheretinaTheRouteWithintheRetinaphotoreceptors-rodsandconesbipolarcells-receiveinputfromrodsandconesganglioncells-receiveinputfrombipolarc
5、ellsopticnerve-madeupofaxonsofganglioncellsblindspot-thepointwheretheopticnerveleavestheeyeFigure6.2 CrosssectionofthevertebrateeyeNotehowanobjectinthevisualfieldproducesaninvertedimageontheretina.Figure6.4 VisualpathwithintheeyeballThereceptorssendtheirmessagestobipolarandhorizontalcells,which
6、inturnsendmessagestotheamacrineandganglioncells.Theaxonsoftheganglioncellslooptogethertoexittheeyeattheblindspot.Theyformtheopticnerve,whichcontinuestothebrain.AnimationFigure6.6 TwodemonstrationsoftheblindspotoftheretinaCloseyourlefteyeandfocusyourrighteyeontheointhetoppart.Movethepagetowardyou
7、andaway,noticingwhathappenstothex.Atadistanceofabout25cm(10inches),thexdisappears.Nowrepeatthisprocedurewiththebottompart.Atthatsamedistancewhatdoyousee?VisualReceptors:RodsandConesRodsabundantintheperipheryoftheretina
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