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1、英美文学与电影EnglishandAmericanLiterature&MoviesUnit8NATHANIELHAWTHORNE(1804—1864)ContentsRelatedLiteraryTermsNathanielHawthorneTheScarletLetterEnglishMoviesAppreciationQuestionsforDiscussionForambitiousreaderRelatedLiteraryTerm(相关文学术语)AmericanRomanticism(1)AmericanRomanticismisoneofthemostimportant
2、periodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.(2)Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,intuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstro
3、nginterestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.Theystressedtheelement“Americanness”intheirworks.(3)ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.(4)BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,itisalsocalled“theAmeric
4、anRenaissance.”(5)AmericanRomanticistsincludesuchliteraryfiguresasWashingtonIrving,RalphWaldoEmerson,HenryDavidThoreau,WilliamCullenBryant,HenryWadsworthLongfellow,NathanielHawthorne,EdgarAllenPoe,HermanMelville,WaltWhitmanandsomeothers.Transcendentalism(见教材)NathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804—1864)
5、(1)Heisthemostambivalentwriter,aconsummateromanticintheAmericanliteraturehistory.(2)Hehasanunceasinginterestinthe“interioroftheheart”ofman’sbeing.(3)HeholdsCalvinisticbeliefthathumanbeingarebasicallydepravedandcorrupted.美国小说家出生地:新英格兰马萨诸塞州萨莱姆(Salem,Massachusetts)小说集:《古宅青苔》(MossesfromanOldManse,1
6、846);《雪影》(TheSnow-Image,1851);《重讲的故事》(TwiceToldTales)等四部长篇小说:《红字》(TheScarletLetter1850)、《带有七个尖角阁的房子》(TheHouseoftheSevenGables,1851)、《福谷传奇》(TheBlithedaleRomance,1852)和《玉石雕像》(TheMarbleFaun,1860》短篇小说:《年轻小伙子布朗》(YoungGoodmanBrown)《教长的黑面纱》(TheMinister’sBlackVeil)《拉普齐尼博士的女儿》(Dr.Rappaccini’sDaughter)作品
7、特点:描写社会和人性的阴暗面;想象丰富、结构严谨;运用象征主义手法。他擅长揭示人物的内心冲突和心理描写,想像丰富,常用象征和隐喻的手法,善于挖掘潜藏于事物深处的意义,作品带有浓厚的宗教气氛和寓言神秘色彩,其文字较为晦涩,作品充满阴郁的调子。霍桑是心理小说的开创者;短篇小说大师作品赏析《红字》以殖民地时期新英格兰生活为背景,描写一个受不合理的婚姻束缚的少妇犯了为加尔文教派所严禁的通奸罪而被示众,暴露了当时政教合一体制统治下殖民地社会中的某些黑暗面。《红字》发