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1、华尔街日报：冷静思考的力量——考研阅读题源-The Power of Negative Thinking Theholidayseasonposesapsychologicalconundrum.Itsdefiningsentiment,ofcourse,isjoy--yetthestrenuousefforttobejoyousseemstomakemanyofusmiserable.It'shardtobehappyinovercrowdedairportloungesorwhileyou'retryingtostaycivilfordaysonendwithre
2、lativeswhostretchyourpatience.Sotocopewiththeholidays,magazinesandothersareadvisingusto'thinkpositive'--thesameadvice,inotherwords,thatNormanVincentPeale,authorof'ThePowerofPositiveThinking,'wasdispensingsixdecadesago.(Duringholidays,Pealeoncesuggested,youshouldmake'adeliberateefforttos
3、peakhopefullyabouteverything.')VariationsofPeale'spositivephilosophyrundeepinAmericanculture,notjustinhowwehandleholidaysandothersocialsituationsbutinbusiness,politicsandbeyond.Yetstudiessuggestthatpeppyaffirmationsdesignedtolifttheuser'smoodthroughrepetitionandvisualizingfuturesuccesso
4、ftenachievetheoppositeoftheirintendedeffect.Fortunately,bothancientphilosophyandcontemporarypsychologypointtoanalternative:acounterintuitiveapproachthatmightbetermed'thenegativepathtohappiness.'Thisapproachhelpstoexplainsomepuzzles,suchasthefactthatcitizensofmoreeconomicallyinsecurecoun
5、triesoftenreportgreaterhappinessthancitizensofwealthierones.Orthatmanysuccessfulbusinesspeoplerejecttheideaofsettingfirmgoals.Onepioneerofthe'negativepath'wastheNewYorkpsychotherapistAlbertEllis,whodiedin2007.HerediscoveredakeyinsightoftheStoicphilosophersofancientGreeceandRome:thatsome
6、timesthebestwaytoaddressanuncertainfutureistofocusnotonthebest-casescenariobutontheworst.SenecatheStoicwasaradicalonthismatter.Ifyoufearedlosingyourwealth,heonceadvised,'setasideacertainnumberofdays,duringwhichyoushallbecontentwiththescantiestandcheapestfare,withcoarseandroughdress,sayi
7、ngtoyourselfthewhile:'IsthistheconditionthatIfeared?''Toovercomeafearofembarrassment,Ellistoldme,headvisedhisclientstotravelontheNewYorksubway,speakingthenamesofstationsoutloudastheypassed.I'maneasilyembarrassedperson,sointheinterestofjournalisticresearch,Itookhisadvice,ontheCe
