AFlexibleFramework：一个灵活的框架

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1、AFlexibleFrameworkChapter7Section2KeyTermsEqualprotectionSegregationAffirmativeActionRoleoftheSupremecourtHasthefinalsayoverwhethergovernmentofficialsactedproperlyDecideifcertainactionsviolatetheConstitutionThecourttakesactioneitherlegalorillegalOverturningaD

2、ecisionDecisionnotalwayspermanentMaybeoverturnedbyachangedinamendmentsDreddScottwasoverturnedbythe13thamendmentNewideasmayleadtooverturninganolddecisionInterpretingPrincipleEqualprotection-meansthatpeoplemustbetreatedfairly,butitdoesnotmeanthateveryonemustbet

3、reatedexactlythesamewayHowhasthecourtsopinionchangedovertime?Exampleis14thamendmentandthe“EqualprotectionClause”Peoplemustbetreatedfairlybutdonothavetotreatedexactlythesame.Abankcanonlydenyaloanontheabilitytopayandnottheperson’sraceEqualityandSegregationPless

4、yvFerguson(1896)14thAmendmentgaveAfricanAmericanscitizenshipHoweverstatespassedlawsseparatingblacksandwhitesSegregation-orseparationofblacksandwhitesinpublicplaces.(cars,trains,restaurants)HomerPlessyrefusedtoleavethe“allwhitecar”PlessyarguedthatLouisianaviol

5、atedhis14thAmendmentSupremeCourtruledsaidaslongasthecarswereofequalqualitytherewasnoviolationFor50yearsthisdecisionwasknownasSeparatebutEqualNoteveryoneagreedwithSeparatebutEqualBythe1950”smanyAmericanswerequestioningthisrulingThurgoodMarshallalawyerfortheNAA

6、CPbroughtcasesbeforethecourtsregardingthisissue.BrownvtheBoardofEducationLindaBrownlived7blocksfromawhiteschoolShewasrequiretoattendanAfricanAmericanschool21blocksawayLinda’sparentsthoughtsheshouldbeabletoattendtheallwhiteschoolThurgoodMarshallarguedthatblack

7、childrenfeltinferiorAlljusticeswereconvincedofMarshall’sreasoningStatedthatsegregationdoesmakepeoplefeelinferiorSeparatebutequalhadnoplaceinpubliceducationThisshowshowtheSupremeCourtcanbeflexibleEqualityandAffirmativeAction1960’scongresspassedaseriesoflawskno

8、wastheCivilRightslaws.WouldtryandundoyearsofdiscriminationAffirmativeAction-stepstocounteracttheeffectsofpastracialdiscriminationanddiscriminationagainstwomenSomepeoplearguethataffirmativ