药物过敏试验及过敏反应的处理

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1、药物过敏试验及过敏反应的处理MedicationallergytestandmanagementofallergicreactionTracyZhaoContentPenicillinallergytestStreptomycinallergytestTetanusallergytestCephalosporinallergytestIodineallergytestProcaineallergytest学习目标掌握青霉素过敏试验方法、结果判断、过敏反应的临床表现、预防和急救处理原则。掌握TAT脱敏注射法。熟悉青霉素过敏反应的原因。熟悉链霉素、破伤风抗毒素、普鲁卡因、碘过敏试验的方

2、法及结果判断。Casestudy：Onepatienthasgotpenicillinskintest5minbefore,nowhesuddenlyfeelschesttightness,shortnessofbreathwithpale,coldsweat,hisbloodpressureisat10/7.0Kpa(75/52mmHg),pulseisweak.Whatisthisphenomenon?Howdoyoumanageitifyouareanurseonduty？.MnagementofAllergicshockThemostseverealergicreactioni

3、salsocalledanaphylaxisoranaphylacticshock1.stopmedicine.2.give0.1%adrenaline(epinephrine)viasubcutaneousinjection.3.oxygeninhalation.4.anti-allergy5.correctionofacidosis.6.expandbloodvolume.7.resuscitation.8.closeobservationofdiseaseThesoonerthatepinephrineisgiven,thegreaterthechanceforsurvival过

4、敏反应的处理过敏反应的处理Thetreatmentonanaphylacticshockmustbeprompt,graspeveryminuteandsecond,startrescuewithoumoving,adopteffectivemeasuresandcloseobservationHavethepersonlieflat,raisehisfeet,andcoverhimorherwithawarmblanket.giveoxygenGiveinjectionof0.1%epinephrine0.5~1mlatonceIfsymptomsisnotremission,giv

5、e0.1%epinephrine0.5mleveryhalfhour.Ifcardiacarrestisoccurred,startCPRimmediately肾上腺素是抢救过敏性休克的首选药物，具有收缩血管、增加外周阻力、提升血压、兴奋心肌、增加心输出量以及松弛支气管平滑肌等作用Giveoxygentoimprovehypoxia.conductmouth-to-mouthartificialrespirationifRespiratoryarrest,giverespiratorystimulantNikethamide,lobelineviaintramuscularinject

6、ionasphyxiainducedbyLaryngealedema,shouldperformendotrachealintubationortracheotomyandconnectartificialrespiratorassoonaspossibleAntiallergytreatment.Givedexamethasone5~10mgorhydrocortisonesodiumsuccinate200~400mgin5%~10%glucosesolution500mlviaintravenousinfusionGiveantihistaminedrugs,promethazi

7、nehydrochloride25~50mgordiphenhydramine40mgviaintramuscularinjectionsGiveintravenousinfusionof10%dextroseorRinger'ssolution.accordingtodoctor'sordersgivedopamineornorepinephrineviaintrvenousinfusionCorrectionofacidosisAcupun