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1、PETRO-CANADAANDTHEPATENTEDHTPURITYPROCESSBASEOILMANUFACTURE加拿大石油专利精制处理基础油生产Lubricantbaseoilsareproducedinaseriesofstepswhicharedesignedtoenhancecertaindesirableproperties.Forparaffinicoils,theseincludeviscosityindex,oxidationresistance,thermalstabilityandl
2、owtemperaturefluidity.Startingfrompetroleumcrudeoil,thetypicalprocessformakingalubricantbaseoilisasfollows:•Separationoflighterboilingmaterials,suchasgasoline,diesel,etc.•Distillationtogivedesiredbaseoilviscositygrades•Selectiveremovalofimpurities,suchasar
3、omaticsandpolarcompounds•Dewaxingtoimprovelowtemperaturefluidity•FinishingtoimproveoxidationresistanceandheatstabilityGenerallybothSolventRefinedandHydrocrackedbaseoilsaremanufacturedthisway,butdifferintheprocessesused.润滑油基础油是经过一系列旨在提高某些特性的步骤后生产出来的。对石蜡基基础油
4、来说,这些特性包括粘度指数,抗氧化性,热稳定性和低温流动性。从原油开始,生产基润滑油基础油典型过程在以下几步:。轻沸点材料的分离,比如汽油,柴油等被分离出来;。蒸馏得到所需要的基础油粘度等级;。选择性去除杂质,比如:芳烃和极性化合物;。脱蜡以提高低温流动性;。最后提高抗氧性和热稳定性;通常溶剂精制和加氢裂化基础油的生产路径都是这样的,区别只是使用处理方法的不同。BASEOILCLASSIFICATION基础油的分类Beforereviewinghowbaseoilismanufactured,weshoul
5、dexplaintheAmericanPetroleumInstitute’s(API)BaseOilClassificationsystem.Forengineoils,theAPIsystemclassifiesbaseoilsintofivemajorgroups,asshownbelow:上面回顾了基础油的生产过程,我们接下来说明API的基础油分类系统。针对发动机油,API分类系统中有五个主要的级别:GroupI,orconventionalbaseoilsmanufacturedbySolvent
6、Refining,makeupmostofthebaseoilproducedintheworldtoday.Containingmorethan0.03wt%Sulphurandlessthan90wt%Saturates,theyarelesspurethanHydroprocessedorSyntheticbaseoils.Whilethesegroupswereoriginallyintendedtobeusedforengineoils,theirusagehasexpandedbeyondthi
7、sarea.GroupIIandIIIbaseoilsaremanufacturedbywhattheAPIcallsHydroprocessingorSevereHydroprocessing.ThesearejustothernamesforPetro-Canada’sPatentedHTPurityProcess.WithSulphurcontentsoflessthan0.03wt%andSaturates一类基础油或用溶剂精制生产的基础油,是今天世界上主要的基础油产品。包括含硫量超过3%和饱合烃含
8、量小于90%,他们的纯度低于加氢或是合成油。尽管这一组最初是设计用于发动机油,但现在他们的使用拓展超过这一区域。二类油和三类油是用API称之为加氢处理或是重加氢处理方法制造。硫含量低于0.03%饱合烃含量大于等于90%SOLVENTREFININGPROCESS溶剂精制处理Initially,lightoilssuchasgasoline,diesel,etc.,areseparatedfromcrudepetr