Ronald Dworkin_ In Memoriam (1931–2013)

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1、bs_bs_bannerRatioJuris.Vol.26No.4December2013(5604)RonaldDworkin:InMemoriam(1931–2013)PETERKOLLERRonaldDworkinwasundoubtedlyoneofthegiantsofcontemporaryphilosophy.Hisvoluminousscholarlyworknotonlycoversthewholerangeofpracticalthinking,encompassingjurisprudence,socialphilosophy,appliedethics,andg

2、eneralmoraltheory,butalsostandsoutduetoitsbreathtakingsophistication,lucidity,andoriginality.Furthermore,hisnumerousarticlesinvariousnewspapersandmagazines,inparticularTheNewYorkReviewofBooks,inwhichhearticulatedhisoftenratherunusualpositionsoncontroversialmattersoflegalpolicy,madehimintoawidely

3、knownandhighlydistinguishedintellectualwhoseopinionsexertedsignificantinfluenceonthepublicsphere.SincethefactsofhisCVandacademiccareerarebroadlyknown,oratleasteasilyaccessibleviaelectronicmedia,Iwillnotrepeatthemhere.Instead,IwanttooutlineanumberofDworkinsideaswhich,inmyview,arethemostimportantach

4、ievementsofhisscholarlythinking.Theseideasarethefollowing:hiscritiqueoflegalpositivismandconceptionoflegalprinciples,hisnotionofconceptualinterpretationandtheoryoflawasintegrity,hisunderstandingofsocialjusticeasequalityofresources,andhisgeneralmoraltheorywithitsfundamentalconceptionofhumandignit

5、y.Eventhoughalltheseideashavebeenhighlydisputedorevenrejectedbysomescholars,theyarecertainlytoberegardedasoutstandingcontributionstocontemporarypracticalphilosophy,astheyhavegreatlystimulatedandenrichedthedebateonmajorissues.Inanumberofearlyarticles,containedinhisbookTakingRightsSeriously(1977),

6、DworkinscrutinizedthethenleadingpositivisttheoryoflawbyHerbertHart,accordingtowhichthevalidityofallrulesofalegalsystemcouldbetracedbacktoasupremerule,theruleofrecognition,whichitselfwasallegedlybasedonitsgeneralacceptanceandobediencebytherelevantofficialsofthesystem.Dworkinraisedtheobjectionthat

7、,ifthistheoryweretrue,thelawwouldnecessarilyfailtoprovidethejudgeswithasolidlegalbasisfordecidinghardcases(i.e.,caseswhosedecisionhasbeenleftindeterminatebythesupposedlegalrules)inanappropriateway,sincenosystemofpositivelega