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1、中英双语话历史第34期汉朝光武中兴张铁城2016、12、26Zhangtiecheng2016717中英双语话历史第34期:汉朝(光武中兴)·时间:2015-12-0216:30:00 来源:可可英语编辑:Helen TheEasternHanwasanotherstrongandprosperousdynastyaftertheWesternHan,anditseconomywentonbooming.东汉是继西汉之后国力强盛，封建经济继续发展的一个王朝。SinceitsfoundationbyEmperorGuangwu,theempirelasted196yea
2、rsoverfourteengenerations.自光武帝建国起共传14帝，经历196年。Thefirst40plusyearsoftheEasternHanwitnessedtherelativestabilityduringthereignoftheemperorsGuangWu,MingandZhang.汉光武帝、明帝和章帝统治的前40多年，东汉的社会比较稳定。Afteracivilwarthathadlastedfrom25A.D.to36A.D.,EmperorGuangwufinallyreunitedthecountry.公元25年至36年光武帝平定各地叛
3、乱,重新一统天下。Hetriedtoreinstatethecentralgovernment,sothenewdynastywasmoreautocraticthantheWesternHan.建国之初，光武帝重新加强中央集权,东汉政权较之西汉政权更为专制。Althoughtheemperorre-establishedtheprincedomsandmarquisates,andgavetitlesandfiefstohisfollowers,allofthemwerefreefromexecutivepowersactually.光武帝大封功臣，却剥夺了他们的实权。
4、HemadeacomprehensivereformonthepoliciesmadebyWangMang,rectifyingthebureaucraticsystem.全面改革王莽所实施的旧政策，整顿吏治。Thepowerofthereputedthreechancellors,i.e.,thechancellorofciviladministration,thechancellorofmilitaryaffairsandthegreatcensor,wasweakened.削弱三公即司徒、司空和太尉的权力。Beingstillinhighpositions,buti
5、nnameonly，theydidn’thaveanyrealpoweranylonger.三公的职位虽高，徒有虚名，并无实权。Thenallthepowerwascentralizedintheimperialboardofministries,whichtookordersfromtheemperordirectly.Thisplayedanimportantroleintheautocraticsovereignty,whichsustainedandfurtherenhancedthecentralizationoftheWesternHan.权力集中于尚书台，尚
6、书台则直接听命于皇帝,这对皇帝的个人专制独裁起到重要作用，Theinspectionsystemwasstrengthened,andprefecturalgovernorwasappointedtoeachprefecture.这是对西汉武帝加强中央集权的继续和发展。HeshouldgoonaninspectiontouraroundhisadministrativeregioninAugusteveryyear,reviewingthelawsuits,inspectingtheofficialachievements,andpresentingamemorialof
7、hisinspectiontotheemperorattheendoftheyear.加强监察制度，每州设刺史一人。Thelocalforceswerealsocutdownstepbystepinordertoenhancethecentralmilitarypower.刺史于每年8月巡行所属郡国，检阅刑狱情况，考察官吏政绩,年终奏于皇帝。Therefore,armiesinprefecturesandfiefdomsweretoofewtofightindependently,andabigwarhadtoresortto
