[1966]The synthesis of algorithmic system

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1、1966TuringAwardLectureTheSynthesisofAlgodthmicSystemsALANj.PERLISCarnegieInstituteofTechnologyPittsburgh,PennsylvaniaIntroductionBothknowledgeandwisdomextendman'sreach.Knowledgeledtocomputers,wisdomtochopsticks.Unfortunatelyourassociationisoverinvolvedwiththeformer.

2、Thelatterwillhavetowaitforamoresublimeday.OnwhatdoesandwillthefameofTuringrest?Thatheprovedatheoremshowingthatforageneralcomputingdevice--laterdubbeda'"Ihringmachine"--thereexistedfunctionswhichitcouldnotcompute?Idoubtit.Morelikelyitrestsonthemodelheinventedandemplo

3、yed:hisformalmechanism.Thismodelhascapturedtheimaginationandmobilizedthethoughtsofagenerationofscientists.Ithasprovidedabasisforargumentsleadingtotheories.Hismodelhasprovedsousefulthatitsgeneratedactivityhasbeendistributednotonlyinmathematics,butthroughseveraltechno

4、logiesaswell.Theargumentsthathavebeenemployedarenotalwaysformalandtheconsequentcreationsnotallabstract.Presentedatthe21stACMNationalConference,August1966.Author'spresentaddress:ComputerScienceDepartment,YaleUniversity,P.O.Box2158,YaleStation,NewHaven,CT06520-2158.In

5、deedamostfruitfulconsequenceoftheTuringmachinehasbeenwiththecreation,studyandcomputationoffunctionswhicharecom-putable,i.e.,incomputerprogramming.Thisisnotsurprisingsincecomputerscancomputesomuchmorethanweyetknowhowtospecify.Iamsurethatallwillagreethatthismodelhasbe

6、enenormouslyvaluable.HistorywillforgivemefornotdevotinganyattentioninthislecturetotheeffectwhichTuringhadonthedevelopmentofthegeneral-purposedigitalcomputer,whichhasfurtheracceleratedourinvolvementwiththetheoryandpracticeofcomputation.SincetheappearanceofTuring'smod

7、eltherehave,ofcourse,beenotherswhichhaveconcernedandbenefitedusincomputing.Ithink,however,thatonlyonehashadaneffectasgreatasTuring's:theformalmechanismcalledALGOL.Manywillimmediatelydisagree,pointingoutthattoofewofushaveunderstooditorusedit.Whilesuchhas,unhappily,be

8、enthecase,itisnotthepoint.TheimpulsegivenbyALGOLtothedevelopmentofresearchincomputerscienceisrelevantwhilethenumberofadherentsisnot.ALGOL,