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1、InTeunvanDijk(ed.), IntroductiontoDiscourseAnalysis.London:Sage,1996,35-62. TheStoryofDiscourseAnalysis RobertdeBeaugrande Inthemid-1990s,providinga‘user-friendly’introductorysurveyoftheresearchtrendswhichhavecontributedtodiscourseanalysisisatoughproblem.Mysolutionisto‘tellastory‘highlighti
2、ngthemainideasthathavehelpedorhindereddiscourseanalysis,creditingprojectsorresearchersonlyforillustration.Manycitationsandreferencesarefoundelsewhere.1A.‘Science’asmap-makingInthepopular‘storyofscience’,scientists observe thingsinthe real world andthen describe or explain them accurately,st
3、eadilypilingupmore facts andmarchingontowardthe final truth.Amoreaccurate,thoughlessdramatic,storywouldtellofscientists drawing a series of maps foraruggedandperiodicallyshifting terrain thatisnot located inthe‘realworld’ofordinaryexperienceyetis connected toitinwaysthescientistsdetermine.T
4、histerrainrequires specialised methods forobserving,describing,orexplaining.Eachmapfitsthevisionofitsmakersandtheintentionsofitsusers,puttingsomefeaturesorplacesintosharpperspectiveandignoringothers,justasordinarymapslookdifferentiftheyshowroads,climates,altitudes,ormineraldeposits.Noscient
5、ificmapiseverfinalorcomplete,justasnoordinarymapeverbecomesidenticalwiththeterrain.Againlikeanordinarymap,ascientificmapgets tested byseeinghowwellithelpspeoplefindthings.The natural sciences makemapsofa sparse terrain —onethatcanbedisconnectedfromtherichandmessyworldofordinaryreality.Looki
6、ngattheworldaroundusandthesocietywelivein,wedonotseetheforcesandparticlesofphysics,orthecompoundsandpolymersofchemistry,oreventhecellsandneuronsofbiology.Butthesesciencesgiveusreliablemapsrevealingthesethingsinthe underlying order ofreality,andgivespecialinstrumentsforobserving,suchasmicros
7、copesandparticleaccelerators.Someinstrumentscaneven intervene inthoseorders,e.g.,bysplittingatoms,synthesisingcompounds,orremovingunhealthycells.The human sciences,incontrast,facea rich terrain closelyconnectedtohumanactivities.Here,observingordinaryexpe
