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1、THEFUTUREOFAUTOMOTIVEELECTRICALSYSTEMSJohnG.KassakianMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyHans-ChristophWolfMercedes-BenzAGJohnM.MillerFordCharlesJ.HurtonGeneralMotorsABSTRACTWhiletheelectricalsysteminearlyautomo-bilessimplyprovidedsparkignition,today’sT
2、henextdecadewillseelargeincreasesintheautomobilescarryasystemthatcanrepresentaselectricalpowerrequirementsoftheconventionalmuchas20%ofthevehiclecost.Drivenbyfuelautomobile.ThiswillbeduetoboththeintroductioneconomyandemissionsmandatesoftheUSandotherofn
3、ewfunctions,suchasactivesuspensionandagovemments,consumerexpectationsforcomfort,catalystpreheater,andtheelectrificationofpresentsafetyanddrivability,andmanufacturingeconomies,functions,suchaspowersteeringandenginevalves.theelectricalloadinaluxuryvehic
4、leisexpectedbyAhighervoltagesystemwillberequired,butmanyautomotiveexpertstoincreasefromitspresentcompatibilitywiththe12Vdcinfrastructureisaverageofapproximately800Wto2.5kW,withanecessaryduringanindustrytransitiontonewsystemshort-timeaveragepeakrequire
5、mentof6kW,bythedesigns.year2005[3,4,5,6].Asasystemtosupplythisload,thepresent12VarchitectureisoptimalwithrespectINTRODUCTIONtoonlyonecriterion-useoftheexistinginfra-structure.Inalmostallotherrespects,e.g.,“Ittakesgood‘juice’andlotsofittorunamoderneffi
6、ciency,weight,performanceandcost,advancedauto;notthekindthatUncleSamhasputabanarchitecturesoperatingathighervoltagescanbeupon,[but]theelectric‘juice’.‘‘Soreadstheintro-showntobesuperior.ductiontoachaptertitled“TheElusive‘Juice’“inInthespringof1994theM
7、ITLaboratoryforthe1918editionofPutnam’sAutomobileHandbookElectromagneticandElectronicSystems,atthe[11.Minusthenostalgicreference,itcouldaswellrequestofMercedes-Benz,organizedandhostedtheserveastheintroductiontothispaper.firstofaseriesofworkinggroupmee
8、tingstoseeifManyofushavebeenworkingoncarssinceconsensuscouldbeachievedamongcarmanufacturersbeforewecoulddrive-renewingbrakes,pullingandsuppliersastotherequirementsofelectricalloadsandrebuildingengines,replacingexhaustsystems,inaluxuryvehiclein
