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1、Macromolecules1999,32,5199-52025199HomogeneousReverseAtomTransferRadicalPolymerizationofStyreneInitiatedbyPeroxidesJianhuiXiaandKrzysztofMatyjaszewski*CenterforMacromolecularEngineering,DepartmentofChemistry,CarnegieMellonUniversity,4400FifthAvenue,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania15213ReceivedJan
2、uary12,1999;RevisedManuscriptReceivedMay19,1999ABSTRACT:Thehomogeneousreverseatomtransferradicalpolymerization(ATRP)ofstyrenewasinitiatedbybenzoylperoxide(BPO)inthepresenceofCuBrorCuBr2complexedby4,4¢-di(5-nonyl)-2,2¢-bipyridine(dNbpy).IncontrasttothesuccessfulreverseATRPinitiatedbyazobi
3、s(isobutyronitrile)(AIBN)andCuBr2/2dNbpy,nocontrolofpolymerizationwasobservedfortheBPO/CuBr2/2dNbpysystem.However,controlled/ªlivingºpolymerizationwasobservedwhenBPOwasusedtogetherwithCuBr/2dNbpy.ThedifferencesbetweentheBPOandAIBNsystemsareascribedtotheelectrontransferandtheformationofco
4、pperbenzoatespecies.Atomtransferradicalpolymerization(ATRP)isamongandMw/Mn)2.6wasobtainedin66%yieldafter1hatthemostpromisingapproachestocontrolledradical110°C.Asimilarresultwasobtainedinthepresencepolymerization.1-3Copper-mediatedATRPhasbeenofCuBr/2dNbpy,indicatingnoappreciableinteractio
5、nsuccessfullyusedtopreparepolymerswithpredeter-ofthesaltwitheithertheradicalsorAIBN.Whentheminedmolecularweights,lowpolydispersities,andreactionwascarriedoutinthepresenceofCuBr2/preciseendfunctionalitiesaswellasavarietyof2dNbpy,thecoloroftheinitiallygreensolutionofcupric(co)polymerswithc
6、ontrolledtopologiesandcomposi-complexchangedtored,typicalforcuprousspecies.tions.4,5ATRPcanberealizedusingtwodifferentMoreover,acontrolledreverseATRPprocessoccurred,initiatingsystems:eitheranalkylhalideandtransi-asreportedpreviously.10tion-metalcompoundinitsloweroxidationstate(e.g.,Howev
7、er,theperoxide-initiatedsystembehavedveryCuBrcomplexedbytwomoleculesof4,4¢-di(alkyl)-2,2¢-differently.Using[BPO]0)0.09mol/Linablankbipyridine6oronemoleculeofN,N,N¢,N¢¢,N¢¢-penta-experimentcarriedoutat110°Cinbulkwithoutcoppermethyldiethylenetriamine7)oraconventionalradical
