资源描述：
《川大博士英语考试真题》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、PartIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare8readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosethebestoneandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1
2、Electronicsworksasaslaveonthesea-bedandinspace;inmarketingandonthemoon;inhospitalsandontheracetrack.Andyetthisrevolutiononlybeganwiththethermionicvalve,developedaftertheWrightbrothersfirstprovedthatheavier-than-airmachinescouldfly.Radiowasthefirstpracticalandcommerci
3、aldevelopment,thesecondleapforwardcamein1947withthemorematuresemiconductortechnology.Thencameanewworldofsolidstatedevicesonaminiaturescale,offeringunparalleledbenefitsofspeedandcost.Pre-transistorequipmentisnowviewedascrudeandclumsy,yetitmanagestoproducesuchfar-reach
4、ingtechniquesasradar.Computersmadebeforethetransistorwereelementary,enormousandslowbymodernstandards.Therevolutionreacheditspeakinthelate1950s,withthesuccessfulbreakthroughintotheworldofmicro-electronics.Thisisanewseriesofmicro-miniatureelectronicdevicesinthesolidsta
5、te,offeringalmostlimitlessscopeindesigningandproducingcompletecircuitsonatinychipofsilicon,notmuchbiggerthanapin-head.However,theconventionaltechnologyoftheday----basedonthetransistor----hadbeendevelopedtoquiteasophisticatedlevel.Thusitwaspossibletofitessentialelectr
6、onicstoearthsatellitesandspaceprobes,totakethecomputertoamoreadvancedstageandtostartanentirelynewindustry.Todaymicro-electronicsstandsasthefoundationoftheindustry’stotalfuture,offeringvastpotentialities.Thesceneinthenextcenturycannotbepreciselypredicted,butclearlythe
7、effortsofthisindustrywillbeaimedatmakinglifeeasier.Advancedelectroniccontroltechniqueswilltakethedrudgeryoutofmostwork;thefactoryandofficewilllargelybethearenaofautomationandevenhouseworkwillbemoreaquestionofefficientprogramming,ratherthanoftediouschores.Thisoutlookp
8、osessomeofthelargestproblemsthatthisrelativelyyoungindustryhashadtoface.Untilrecently,theelectronicsindustryhasbeenmoreconcernedwit
