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1、LabouractivismandthereformoftradeunionsinRussia,ChinaandVietnamSimonClarkeandTimPringleNGPALabourWorkshop,10December2007Tradeunionsinstatesocialistcountriesnominallyrepresentedtheinterestsofthewholeoftheworkingclass,undertheleadershipoftheCommunistParty,andas
2、suchwereanintegralpartoftheParty-stateapparatus.Theprimaryfunctionsofthetradeunionsweretomaintainlabourdiscipline,encouragetheproductiondriveandadministeralargepartofthestatehousing,socialandwelfareapparatus,thebenefitsofwhichweredeliveredthroughtheworkplacea
3、sameansofstimulatinglabourmotivation.Thetradeunionswereprimarilyaninstrumentforcontrollingtheworkingclass,buttheydidplaysomeprotectiveroleintheworkplace,representingindividualworkersintheeventofdisputesoversuchmanagementfailingsasthemiscalculationofwagesorpen
4、sionentitlementsorillegalpunishmentbytheemployer.Intheorytheywerealsosupposedtoensurethatmanagersachievedtheirproductiontargetsthroughtherationalorganisationofproduction,ratherthanthroughtheover-exploitationofworkers,sotheyweresupposedtoenforcetheprotectivecl
5、ausesofthelabourlaworrelevantregulationsandtomaintainminimalstandardsofhealthandsafetyatwork.Inpracticethesetasksoftenwentbydefaultasthepriorityofproductionover-ruledallotherconsiderations.Overall,theroleofthetradeunionswastoharmonisetheinterestsoflabourandma
6、nagementratherthantorepresenttheinterestsoftheirmembersinoppositiontomanagement.Asfarasmosttradeunionmemberswereconcerned,themainroleofthetradeunionwasitsallocationofhousing,socialandwelfarebenefitsandmaterialassistance.However,thetradeunionrarelygotanycredit
7、foritsbeneficence.Sincethetradeunionwasresponsiblefortheallocationofresourcesinshortsupply,itborethebruntofcomplaintsabouttheinadequacyofboththequantityandqualityofprovisionandwasalwayssuspectedofprivilegingmanagersanditsownofficialsinallocation.Itisimportant
8、toemphasisethatstatesocialisttradeunionswerefundamentallydifferentfromtradeunionsinacapitalistsociety,howevermuchthelattermightcollaboratewithemployersandbeintegratedintocorporatiststruct
