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1、JournalofSemantics,28,2011:359400doi:10.1093/jos/ffq023AdvanceAccesspublicationApril18,2011ExperimentalEvidenceforEmbeddedScalarImplicaturesEMMANUELCHEMLAInstitutJean-Nicod&LSCPBENJAMINSPECTORInstitutJean-NicodDownloadedfromAbstractScalarimplicaturesaretraditionallyviewedaspragmat
2、icinferencesthatresultfromjos.oxfordjournals.orgareasoningaboutspeakerscommunicativeintentions(Grice1989).Thisviewhasbeenchallengedinrecentyearsbytheoriesthatproposethatscalarimplicaturesareagrammaticalphenomenon.Suchtheoriesclaimthatscalarimplicaturescanbecomputedinembeddedpositi
3、onsandenterintotherecursivecomputationofmeaningsomethingthatisnotexpectedunderthetraditionalpragmaticview.atWuhanUniversityLibraryonOctober15,2011Recently,GeurtsandPouscoulous(2009)presentedanexperimentalstudyinwhichembeddedscalarimplicatureswerenotdetected.Usinganovelversionofthe
4、truth-valuejudgmenttask,weprovideevidencethatsubjectssometimescomputeembeddedscalarimplicatures.1THEORIESOFSCALARIMPLICATURESScalarimplicatures(SIsforshort)areusuallyviewedasconversationalimplicatures(Grice1967),i.e.inferencesthatarenotdirectlyencodedintheconventionalmeaningofther
5、elevantsentences,butratherresultfromapragmaticreasoningaboutthespeakerscommunicativeintentions.Accordingtotheneo-GriceanapproachtoSIs,givenasentenceSandasetofcompetitorsforS,calleditsscalaralternatives,theSIstriggeredbySshouldfollowfromtheassumptionthattheauthorofS,bychoosingSrath
6、erthananyofitsscalaralternatives,compliedwithGricesconversationalmaxims.Forinstance,thefactthatasentencesuchas(1)belowtendstotriggertheinferencethatJohndidnotsolvealloftheproblemsisaccountedforinthefollowingmanner:itfollowsfromGricesmaximsofconversationthattheauthorof(1)doesnotcon
7、sideritsmoreinformativealternative(Johnsolvedalloftheproblems)tobetrue,forotherwisesheshouldhaveusedthisalternativeinstead(accordingtotheso-calledmaximsofQualityandÓTheAuthor2011.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress.Allrightsreserved.ForPermissions,pleaseemail:journals.permissions@oup
8、.com.360ExperimentalEmbeddedScala
