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1、CriticalDiscourseStudies:ASociocognitiveApproach1TeunA.vanDijkTerrninologyanddefinítions62Thediscourse-cognition-societytriangle64Theexample:thedefenseofcapitalism67Topics:semanticmacrostructures68Localmeanings69Therelevanceofsubtle'formal'structures72Relatingtextandcontext:contextmodels74Discour
2、sesemantics:eventmodels75Socialcognition78Socialsituations79Societalstructures82Appendix84TerminologyanddefinitionsAlthoughcriticalapproachestodiscoursearecommonlyknownasCriticalDiscourseAnalysis(CDA),IprefertospeakofCriticalDiscourseStudies(CDS).Thismoregeneraltermsuggeststhatsuchacriticalapproa
3、chnotonlyinvolvescriticalanalysis,butalsocriticaltheory,aswellascriticalapplicatíons.ThedesignationCDSmayalsoavoidthewidespreadmisconceptionthatacriticalapproachisamethodofdiscourseanalysis.Forthesamereason,IfavourthetermDiscourseStudies(DS),ratherthanDiscourseAnalysis,todesignateamultidisciplina
4、ryfieldofscholarlyactivitiesthatareobviouslynotlimitedtotheanalysisoftextandtalk.Moreover,asadiscipline,DShasmanytypesandmethodsofanalysis:itisnot'a'methodamongotherswithinthehumanitiesandthesocialsciences.CDSisnotamethod,butratheracriticalperspective,positionorattitudewithinthedisciplineofmultid
5、isciplinaryDiscourseStudies.CriticalCRITICALDISCOURSESTUDIES63researchmakesuseofalargenumberofmethods,bothfromDiscourseStudiesitself,aswellasfromthehumanities,psychologyandthesocialsciences.ThecriticalapproachofCDScharacterizesscholarsratherthantheirmethods:CDSscholarsaresociopoliticallycommitted
6、tosocialequalityandjustice.Theyalsoshowthisintheirscientificresearch,forinstancebytheformulationofspecificgoals,theselectionandconstructionoftheories,theuseanddevelopmentofmethodsofanalysisandespeciallyintheapplica-tionofsuchresearchinthestudyofimportantsocialproblemsandpoliticalissues.CDSscholar
7、saretypicallyinterestedinthewaydiscourse(re)producessocialdomination,thatis,thepowerabuseofonegroupoverothers,andhowdomi-natedgroupsmaydiscursivelyresistsuchabuse.CDSisnotjustanysocialorpoliticalresearch,asisthecaseina
