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1、nml11203.qxp11/16/009:37AMPage167AccountabilityinAction?ProgramEvaluationinNonprofitHumanServiceAgenciesRichardHoeferProgramevaluationcanbeusedasanexcellenttooltopromotenonprofithumanserviceorganizations’accountability.Thisarti-clelaysoutseveralconditions
2、thatneedtobemetbeforeevalu-ationachievesitspotential.ApplicationofthisframeworktononprofitsinDallas,Texas,indicatestheusefulnessoftheapproach.Resultsshowthatconsiderablenumbersofevalua-tionarebeingconductedbutthatthequalityoftheresearchmethodsandmeasure
3、sislow.Thisindicatesthatevaluationcan-notcurrentlybesaidtobeprovidingthelevelofaccountabilitypossible.Additionaleffortsbyallstakeholderstopromotetheuseofevaluationtoholdagenciesaccountableforeffortsandresultsarenecessary.Nresponsetothemanyscandalsconcer
4、ningnonprofitorganiza-Itionsthatoccurredduringtheearlytomid-1990s,funders,donors,andotherstakeholdersmadecallsforgreateraccount-ability.Thepublic,agencyboardsofdirectors,staffmembers,andprogramclientsincreasinglywishtoensurethatresourcesallocatedtoprogra
5、msachievesomethingworthwhileandmeasurable.Oneoftheprimarywaysthatnonprofithumanserviceorganizationsmightbeheldaccountableforreachingrealisticresultsisthroughevalua-tionoftheirservices.Unfortunately,tothispointweknowlittleaboutifandhowprogramevaluationisb
6、eingusedbynonprofitorga-nizationsasatoolforaccountability.Accountabilityisatermthatisoftenusedbutnotalwaysdefined.Forthisarticle,IadopttheapproachusedbyLawry(1995,p.175):“Aperfectlyethicalidealofaccountabilityimpliesawillingnesstoendurepublicscrutiny,even
7、aninvitationforthepublictoscrutinizethebehaviorsoftheorganization’sleadership.”Note:IthankEmilyYoungbergforhercapableresearchassistanceandtheUniversityofTexasatArlingtonSchoolofSocialWorkFacultyResearchFundforsponsoringtheresearch.NONPROFITMANAGEMENT&LE
8、ADERSHIP,vol.11,no.2,Winter2000©Jossey-Bass,aWileycompany167nml11203.qxp11/16/009:37AMPage168168HOEFERThisarticlereportsonastudyofnonprofithumanserviceagen-ciestounderstandtheiruseofevaluationbetter.Itthenplacestheseresultsinthela
