【文档】Modern Architecture Module 4（英语外研必修二）

《【文档】Modern Architecture Module 4（英语外研必修二）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

1、ModernarchitectureTheSeagramBuilding,NewYorkCity,1958.Oneofthefinestexamplesofthefunctionalistaestheticandamasterpieceofcorporatemodernism.Modernarchitectureisasetofbuildingstyleswithsimilarcharacteristics,primarilythesimplificationofformandtheeliminationofornament.Thefirstvariantswereconceivede

2、arlyinthe20thcentury.Modernarchitecturewasadoptedbymanyinfluentialarchitectsandarchitecturaleducators,howeververyfew"Modernbuildings"werebuiltinthefirsthalfofthecentury.ItgainedpopularityaftertheSecondWorldWarandbecamethedominantarchitecturalstyleforinstitutionalandcorporatebuildingsforthreedeca

3、des.TheexactcharacteristicsandoriginsofModernarchitecturearestillopentointerpretationanddebate.HistoryOriginsSomehistoriansseetheevolutionofModernarchitectureasasocialmatter,closelytiedtotheprojectofModernityandthustheEnlightenment.TheModernstyledeveloped,intheiropinion,asaresultofsocialandpolit

4、icalrevolutions.[1]MelnikovHousenearArbatStreetinMoscowbyKonstantinMelnikov.OthersseeModernarchitectureasprimarilydrivenbytechnologicalandengineeringdevelopments,anditistruethattheavailabilityofnewbuildingmaterialssuchasiron,steel,andglassdrovetheinventionofnewbuildingtechniquesaspartoftheIndust

5、rialRevolution.In1796,ShrewsburymillownerCharlesBagefirstusedhis'fireproof'design,whichreliedoncastironandbrickwithflagstonefloors.Suchconstructiongreatlystrengthenedthestructureofmills,whichenabledthemtoaccommodatemuchbiggermachines.Duetopoorknowledgeofiron'spropertiesasaconstructionmaterial,an

6、umberofearlymillscollapsed.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1830sthatEatonHodgkinsonintroducedthesectionbeam,leadingtowidespreaduseofironconstruction,thiskindofaustereindustrialarchitectureutterlytransformedthelandscapeofnorthernBritain,leadingtothedescriptionofplaceslikeManchesterandpartsofWestYorkshireas"

7、Darksatanicmills".TheCrystalPalacebyJosephPaxtonattheGreatExhibitionof1851wasanearlyexampleofironandglassconstruction;possiblythebestexampleisthedevelopmentofthetallsteelskyscraperinChicagoaround1890byWilliamLeBaronJenneyand