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1、Downloadedfromhttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/onAugust13,2018Proc.R.Soc.B(2008)275,2715–2722doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0825Publishedonline12August2008MHC-correlatedodourpreferencesinhumansandtheuseoforalcontraceptivesS.CraigRoberts1,*,L.MorrisGosling1,VaughanCarter2and
2、MarionPetrie11EvolutionaryBiologyGroup,SCMS,UniversityofNewcastle,Newcastle-upon-TyneNE24HH,UK2NationalBloodService,HollandDrive,Newcastle-upon-TyneNE24NQ,UKPreviousstudiesinanimalsandhumansshowthatgenesinthemajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)influenceindividualodoursandt
3、hatfemalesoftenpreferodourofMHC-dissimilarmales,perhapstoincreaseoffspringheterozygosityorreduceinbreeding.Womenusingoralhormonalcontraceptiveshavebeenreportedtohavetheoppositepreference,raisingthepossibilitythatoralcontraceptivesalterfemalepreferencetowardsMHCsimilarity
4、,withpossiblefertilitycosts.Herewetestdirectlywhethercontraceptivepillusealtersodourpreferencesusingalongitudinaldesigninwhichwomenweretestedbeforeandafterinitiatingpilluse;acontrolgroupofnon-usersweretestedwithacomparableintervalbetweentestsessions.Incontrasttosomeprevi
5、ousstudies,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinratingsbetweenodoursofMHC-dissimilarandMHC-similarmenamongwomenduringthefollicularcyclephase.However,singlewomenpreferredodoursofMHC-similarmen,whilewomeninrelationshipspreferredodoursofMHC-dissimilarmen,aresultconsistentwithstu
6、diesinotherspecies,suggestingthatpairedfemalesmayseektoimproveoffspringqualitythroughextra-pairpartnerships.Acrosstests,wefoundasignificantpreferenceshifttowardsMHCsimilarityassociatedwithpilluse,whichwasnotevidentinthecontrolgroup.Ifodourplaysaroleinhumanmatechoice,ourre
7、sultssuggestthatcontraceptivepillusecoulddisruptdisassortativematepreferences.Keywords:humanleukocyteantigen;smell;matechoice;heterozygosity;olfaction1.INTRODUCTIONMHC-dissimilarmenmoreoftenremindedwomenofOlfactionisimportantinbothhumanandanimalmatecurrentorpreviouspartn
8、ers,indicatingthatodourplaysachoice(e.g.Gosling&Roberts2001;Havliceketal.roleinpartnerchoice.Subsequent
