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1、XMLTemplate(2014)[8.7.2014–1:50pm][1–12]//blrnas3/cenpro/ApplicationFiles/Journals/SAGE/3B2/BDSJ/Vol00000/140001/APPFile/SG-BDSJ140001.3d(BDS)[PREPRINTERstage]OriginalResearchArticleBigData&SocietyApril–June2014:1–12BigData,newepistemologiesand!TheAuthor(s)
2、2014DOI:10.1177/2053951714528481paradigmshiftsbds.sagepub.comRobKitchinAbstractThisarticleexamineshowtheavailabilityofBigData,coupledwithnewdataanalytics,challengesestablishedepistemol-ogiesacrossthesciences,socialsciencesandhumanities,andassessestheextentt
3、owhichtheyareengenderingpara-digmshiftsacrossmultipledisciplines.Inparticular,itcriticallyexploresnewformsofempiricismthatdeclare‘theendoftheory’,thecreationofdata-drivenratherthanknowledge-drivenscience,andthedevelopmentofdigitalhumanitiesandcomputationals
4、ocialsciencesthatproposeradicallydifferentwaystomakesenseofculture,history,economyandsociety.Itisarguedthat:(1)BigDataandnewdataanalyticsaredisruptiveinnovationswhicharereconfiguringinmanyinstanceshowresearchisconducted;and(2)thereisanurgentneedforwidercrit
5、icalreflectionwithintheacademyontheepistemologicalimplicationsoftheunfoldingdatarevolution,ataskthathasbarelybeguntobetackleddespitetherapidchangesinresearchpracticespresentlytakingplace.Aftercriticallyreviewingemergingepistemologicalpositions,itiscontended
6、thatapotentiallyfruitfulapproachwouldbethedevelopmentofasituated,reflexiveandcontextuallynuancedepistemology.KeywordsBigData,dataanalytics,epistemology,paradigms,endoftheory,data-drivenscience,digitalhumanities,computationalsocialsciencesIntroductionsophist
7、icatedontologicalassessmentsthatteaseoutitsinherentcharacteristics(boydandCrawford,2012;RevolutionsinsciencehaveoftenbeenprecededbyMayer-SchonbergerandCukier,2013).Drawingonrevolutionsinmeasurement.SinanAral(citedinanextensiveengagementwiththeliterature,Kit
8、chinCukier,2010)(2013)detailsthatBigDatais:BigDatacreatesaradicalshiftinhowwethinkabout.hugeinvolume,consistingofterabytesorpetabytesresearch....[Itoffers]aprofoundchangeatthelevelsofdata;ofepistemology
