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1、Thenewenglandjournalofmedicinereviewarticlefranklinh.epsteinlectureFranklinH.Epstein,M.D.,servedtheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineformorethan20years.Akeenclinician,accomplishedresearcher,andoutstandingteacher,Dr.EpsteinwasChairandProfessorofMedicineatBethIsraelDeaconessMedic
2、alCenter,Boston,wheretheFranklinH.Epstein,M.D.,MemorialLectureshipinMechanismsofDiseasehasbeenestablishedinhismemory.BothEndsoftheLeash—TheHumanLinkstoGoodDogswithBadGenesElaineA.Ostrander,Ph.D.FromtheNationalHumanGenomeRe-ornearly350years,veterinarymedicineandhumanmedic
3、inesearchInstitute,NationalInstitutesofhavebeenseparateentities,withonegearedtowardthediagnosisandtreat-Health,Bethesda,MD.AddressreprintFmentinanimalsandtheothertowardparallelgoalsintheowners.However,requeststoDr.OstranderattheNationalHumanGenomeResearchInstitute,Na-tha
4、tmodelnolongerfits,sinceresearchondiseasesofhumansandcompaniontionalInstitutesofHealth,50SouthDr.,animalshascoalesced.1-4ThecatalystforthisunionhasbeenthecompletionoftheBldg.50,Rm.5351,Bethesda,MD20892,humangenomesequence,coupledwithdraftsequenceassembliesofgenomesforora
5、teostrand@mail.nih.gov.companionanimals.5,6Here,wesummarizethecriticaleventsincaninegeneticsandNEnglJMed2012;367:636-46.genomicsthathaveledtothisdevelopment,reviewmajorapplicationsincanineDOI:10.1056/NEJMra1204453Copyright©2012MassachusettsMedicalSociety.healththatwillbe
6、ofinteresttohumancaregivers,anddiscussexpectationsforthefuture.HumanandCanineGenomicsIn2001,twoindependentdraftversionsofthehumangenomesequenceandthecon-comitantidentificationofapproximately30,000genesweretheseminaleventsthatdefinedcompletionoftheHumanGenomeProject.7,8Th
7、egenomewasofficiallyde-claredtobefinishedin2004,withsequencingreportedtoinclude99%oftranscribingDNA.9Bycomparison,thegenomeofthedomesticdog,Canislupusfamiliaris,wasse-quencedtwice,onceto1.5×density(i.e.,coveringthegenome,intheory,1.5times)andonceto7.8×density(providingse
8、quencingformorethan95%ofbasepairs)inthestandardpoodleandboxer,respectively.5,10Subsequentcontributionst
