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1、Chapter12DiscourseandRacismTeunA.vanDijkIntroductionFormostpeople,andprobablyalsoformanyreadersofthischapter,thenotionofracismisnotprimarilyassociatedwiththatofdiscourse.Moreobviousassociationswouldbediscrimination,prejudice,slavery,orapartheid,amongmanyotherc
2、onceptsrelatedtoethnicor"racial"dominationandinequalitydealtwithelsewhereinthisbook.Andyet,althoughdiscoursemayseemjust"words"(andthereforecannotbreakyourbones,asdosticksandstones),textandtalkplayavitalroleinthereproductionofcontemporaryracism.Thisisespecially
3、trueforthemostdamagingformsofcontemporaryracism,namely,thoseoftheelites.Political,bureaucratic,corporate,media,educational,andscholarlyelitescontrolthemostcrucialdimensionsanddecisionsoftheeverydaylivesofimmi-grantsandminorities:entry,residence,work,housing,ed
4、ucation,welfare,healthcare,knowledge,information,andculture.Theydosolargelybyspeakingorwriting,forinstance;incabinetmeetingsandparliamentarydebates,injobinterviews,newsreports,advertising,lessons,textbooks,scholarlyarticles,moviesortalkshows,amongmanyotherform
5、sofelitediscourse.Thatis,asistruealsoforothersocialpracticesdirectedagainstminorities,discoursemayfirstofallbeaformofverbaldiscrimination.Elitediscoursemaythusconstituteanimportanteliteformofracism:Similarly,the(re)productionofethnicprejudicesthatunderliesuchv
6、erbalandothersocialpracticeslargelytakesplacethroughtext,talk,andcommunication.Insum,especiallyincontemporaryinformationsocieties,discourseliesattheheartofracism.Thischapterexplainshowandwhythisisso.RacismTounderstandinsomedetailhowdiscoursemaycontributetoraci
7、sm,wefirstneedtosummarizeourtheoryofracism.Whereasracismisoftenreducedtoracistideology,itishereunderstoodasacomplexsocietalsystemofethnicallyor"racially"baseddominationanditsresultinginequality(fordetail,seevanDijk,1993).145TeunA.vanDijkThesystemofracismconsis
8、tsofasocialandacognitivesubsystem.Thesocialsubsystemisconstitutedbysocialpracticesofdiscriminationatthelocal(micro)level,andrelationshipsofpowerabusebydominantgroups,organizations,
