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1、Lesson9MarkTwain---MirrorofAmerica1835年11月30日－1910年4月21日MarkTwain(pseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens,1835-1910),wasanAmericanwriter,journalistandhumorist,whowonaworldwideaudienceforhisstoriesoftheyouthfuladventuresofTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn. ClemenswasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missou
2、ri,ofaVirginianfamily.HewasbroughtupinHannibal,Missouri.Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,hewasapprenticedtoaprinterandwroteforhisbrother'snewspaper.HelaterworkedasalicensedMississippiriver-boatpilot.TheCivilWarputanendtothesteamboattrafficandClemensmovedtoVirginiaCity,whereheeditedtheTerritorialE
3、nterprise.OnFebruary3,1863,'MarkTwain'wasbornwhenClemenssignedahumoroustravelaccountwiththatpseudonym.In1864TwainleftforCalifornia,andworkedinSanFranciscoasareporter.HevisitedHawaiiasacorrespondentforTheSacramentoUnion,publishinglettersonhistripandgivinglectures.Hesetoutonaworldtour,travelin
4、ginFranceandItaly.Hisexperienceswererecordedin1869inTheInnocentsAbroad,whichgainedhimwidepopularity,andpokedfunatbothAmericanandEuropeanprejudicesandmanners.ThesuccessasawritergaveTwainenoughfinancialsecuritytomarryOliviaLangdonin1870.TheymovednextyeartoHartford.TwaincontinuedtolectureintheU
5、nitedStatesandEngland.Between1876and1884hepublishedseveralmasterpieces,TomSawyer(1881)andThePrinceAndThePauper(1881).LifeOnTheMississippiappearedin1883andHuckleberryFinnin1884.Inthe1890sTwainlostmostofhisearningsinfinancialspeculationsandinthefailureofhisownpublishingfirm.Torecoverfromtheban
6、krupcy,hestartedaworldlecturetour,duringwhichoneofhisdaughtersdied.TwaintouredNewZealand,Australia,India,andSouthAfrica.HewrotesuchbooksasTheTragedyOfPudd'headWilson(1884),PersonalRecollectionsOfJoanOfArc(1885),AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)andthetravelbookFollowingTheEquator(18
7、97).Duringhislongwritingcareer,Twainalsoproducedaconsiderablenumberofessays. Thedeathofhiswifeandhisseconddaughterdarkenedtheauthor'slateryears,whichisseeninhisposthumouslypublishedautobiography(1924).TwaindiedonApril21,1910作品目录《竞选州长》 《汤姆·索亚历险记》（1
