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1、Lesson1FoodIndusturyThefoodindustryisthecomplex,globalcollectiveofdiversebusinessesthattogethersupplymuchofthefoodenergyconsumedbytheworldpopulation.Onlysubsistencefarmers,thosewhosurviveonwhattheygrow,canbeconsideredoutsideofthescopeofthemodernfoodindustry.1.1ProductionFoodistr
2、aditionallyobtainedthroughfarming,ranchingandfishingwithhunting,foragingandothermethodsofsubsistencelocallyimportant.Morerecently,therehasbeenagrowingtrendtowardsmoresustainableagriculturalpractices.Thisapproach,whichispartlyfueledbyconsumerdemand,encouragesbiodiversity,localsel
3、f-relianceandorganicfarmingmethods.Majorinfluencesonfoodproductionareinternationalorganizations(e.g.theWorldTradeOrganizationandCommonAgriculturalPolicy),nationalgovernmentpolicy(orlaw)andwar.1.2PreparationWhilesomefoodcanbeeatenraw,manyfoodsundergosomeformofpreparationforreason
4、sofsafety,palatability,orflavor.Atthesimplestlevelthismayinvolvewashing,cutting,heatingorcooling,pressurecooking,fermentation,orcombinationwithotherfood.Inahome,mostfoodpreparationtakesplaceinakitchen.Somepreparationisdonetoenhancethetasteoraestheticappeal;otherpreparationmayhel
5、ptopreservethefood;andothersmaybeinvolvedinculturalidentity.Amealismadeupoffoodwhichispreparedtobeeatenataspecifictimeandplace.1.1FoodprocessingFoodprocessingisthemethodsandtechniquesusedtotransformrawingredientsintofoodforhumanconsumption.Foodprocessingtakesclean,harvestedorsla
6、ughteredandbutcheredcomponentsandusedthemtoproducemarketablefoodproducts.Thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichfoodcanbeproduced.Allfoodprocessinginvolvesacombinationofprocedurestoachievetheintendedchangestotherawmaterials.Thereareconvenientlycategorizedasunitoperation,eachofwhichh
7、asaspecific,identifiableandpredictableeffectonafood.Unitoperationsaregroupedtogethertoformaprocess.Thecombinationandsequenceofoperationsdeterminesthenatureofthefinalproduct.1.2FoodmanufacturePackagedfoodaremanufacturedoutsidethehomeforpurchase.Thiscanbeassimpleasabutcherpreparin
8、gmeat,orascomplexasamoderninternationalfoodindu
