欧洲文化入门重要信息点

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1、Introduction(介绍)1、TherearemanyelementsconstitutingEuropeanCulture.2、Therearetwomajorelements:Greco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.TherichnessofEuropeanCulturewascreatedbyGreco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.DivisonOneGreekCultureandRomanCulture1

2、、The5thcenturyclosedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensSparta.2、TheeconomyofAthensrestedonanimmenseamountofslavelabour.3、AncientGreece’sepicswascreatedbyHomer.4、TheHomer’sepicsconsistedofIliadandOdyssey.5、DramainAncientGreecewasflouredinthe5thcenturyB.C.6、Threemastersi

3、ntragedy三大悲剧大师①AeschylusPrometheusBound—→ShellyPrometheusUnbound②Sophocles(之首)OedipustheKing—→Freud’s“theOedipuscomplex”(恋母情结)—→DavidHerbertLawrence’sSonsandlovers③EuripidesA．TrojanWomenB．Heisthefirstwriterof“problemplays”(社会问题剧)C．ElizabethBrowningcalledhim“E

4、uripideshuman”(一个纯粹的人)D．RealismcanbetracedbacktotheAncientGreece.Tobespecific,Euripides.7、TheonlyrepresentativeofGreekcomedyisAristophanes.Aristophaneswritesaboutnature.Swiftsaysofhim“AsforcomicAristophanes,Thedogtoowittyandtooprofaneis.”8、History(Historicalw

5、riting)“FatherofHistory”—→Herodotus—→war(betweenGreeksandPersians)ThiswariscalledPeleponicionwars.“Thegreatesthistorianthateverlived.”—→Thucydides—→war(Sparta,AthensandSyracuse)9、①Euclid’sElements解析几何ItwasinuseinEnglishschoolsuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentur

6、y.②ArchimedesHisworknotonlyingeometry几何学,butalsoinarithmetic算术,machanics机械,andhydrostatics.流体静力学Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.（Archimedes）10、ThemeltingbetweenRomanCultureandGreekCulture.(罗马征服希腊的标志)From146B.C.,Latinwasthelanguageofthewesternhalfofth

7、eRomanEmpire.Greekthatoftheeasternhalf.BothLatinandGreekbelongtoIndo-Europeanlanguage.11、ThedividingrangeintheRomanhistoryrefersto27B.C.12、Theyear27B.C.DividedtheRomanhistoryintotwoperiods:republicandempire.13、TheideaofRepubliccanbetracedbacktoPlato’srepublic

8、.2014、IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions(罗马军团)15、IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasknownasPaxRoman