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1、Saturday23-30December2006BMJScroogeandintellectualpropertyrightsAmedicalprizefundcouldimprovethefinancingofdruginnovationstChristmas,wetraditionallyretellDickens’sOrganizationandsecondlinedefencesthatneedtobestoryofScrooge,whocaredmoreformoneyusedasresistanc
2、etostandardtreatmentsdevelopscanAthanforhisfellowhumanbeings.Whatwouldcostmuchmore.wethinkofaScroogewhocouldcurediseasesthatDevelopingcountriespaidahighpriceforblightedthousandsofpeople’slivesbutdidnotdoso?thisagreement.Butwhathavetheyreceivedinreturn?Clearl
3、y,wewouldbehorrified.ButthishasincreasinglyDrugcompaniesspendmoreonadvertisingandbeenhappeninginthenameofeconomics,underthemarketingthanonresearch,moreonresearchonlife-innocentsoundingguiseof“intellectualpropertystyledrugsthanonlifesavingdrugs,andalmostright
4、s.”nothingondiseasesthataffectdevelopingcountriesIntellectualpropertydiffersfromotherproperty—only.Thisisnotsurprising.Poorpeoplecannotaffordrestrictingitsuseisinefficientasitcostsnothingfordrugs,anddrugcompaniesmakeinvestmentsthatanotherpersontouseit.Thomas
5、Jefferson,America’syieldthehighestreturns.Thechiefexecutiveofthirdpresident,putitmorepoeticallythanmodernNovartis,adrugcompanywithahistoryofsocialeconomists(whoreferto“zeromarginalcosts”andresponsibility,said“Wehavenomodelwhichwould“non-rivalrousconsumption”
6、)whenhesaidthat[meet]theneedfornewdrugsinasustainableway...knowledgeislikeacandle,whenonecandlelightsYoucan’texpectfor-profitorganizationstodothisonanotheritdoesnotdiminishfromthelightofthefirst.alargescale.”2UsingknowledgetohelpsomeonedoesnotpreventResearch
7、needsmoney,butthecurrentsys-thatknowledgefromhelpingothers.Intellectualprop-temresultsinlimitedfundsbeingspentinthewrongertyrights,however,enableonepersonorcompanytoway.Forinstance,thehumangenomeprojectdecodedhaveexclusivecontroloftheuseofaparticularpieceoft
8、hehumangenomewithinthetargettimeframe,butaknowledge,therebycreatingmonopolypower.fewscientistsmanagedtobeattheprojectsotheyMonopoliesdistorttheeconomy.Restrictingtheuseofcouldpatentgenesrelatedt
