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1、REVIEWdoi:10.1038/nature14542Science,technologyandthefutureofsmallautonomousdrones12DarioFloreano&RobertJ.WoodWearewitnessingtheadventofaneweraofrobots—drones—thatcanautonomouslyflyinnaturalandman-madeenvironments.Theserobots,oftenassociatedwithdefencea
2、pplications,couldhaveamajorimpactonciviliantasks,includingtransportation,communication,agriculture,disastermitigationandenvironmentpreservation.Autonomousflightinconfinedspacespresentsgreatscientificandtechnicalchallengesowingtotheenergeticcostofstaying
3、airborneandtotheperceptualintelligencerequiredtonegotiatecomplexenvironments.Weidentifyscientificandtechnologicaladvancesthatareexpectedtotranslate,withinappropriateregulatoryframeworks,intopervasiveuseofautonomousdronesforcivilianapplications.rones,apo
4、pularnicknameforunmannedaerialvehiclesandbuildingswheregroundclutterisanobstacleforterrestrialrobots.Coor-Dmicroaerialvehicles,oftenconjureupimagesofunmannedaer-dinatedteamsofautonomousdroneswillenablemissionsthatlastlongeroplanesthatflythousandsofmiles
5、forespionageandtodeploythantheflighttimeofasingledronebyallowingsomedronestotempo-munitions.However,overthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofrarilyleavetheteamforbatteryreplacement.Droneteamswillpermitres-publicandprivateresearchlaboratorieshavebeenworki
6、ngonsmall,cueorganizationstoquicklydeploydedicatedcommunicationnetworkshuman-friendlydronesthatonedaymayautonomouslyflyinconfinedforgroundoperators.Telecommunicationcompaniescanalsoleveragespacesandincloseproximitytopeople.Thedevelopmentofthesesmalldron
7、enetworkstotemporarilysupplementorreplacepointsofservice.drones,whichisthemainfocusofthisReview,hasbeensupportedbytheRealizingthisvisionwillrequirenewmechatronicsolutionsandnewminiaturizationandcostreductionofelectroniccomponents(micro-levelsofcontrolau
8、tonomy(Box 1)tosafelycompletemissionsincon-processors,sensors,batteriesandwirelesscommunicationunits),largelyfinedspacesandneartheground,whereabsolutepositioningsignalsanddrivenbytheportableelectronicdeviceindustry.Theseimproveme
