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1、RealisticmodelingandrenderingofplantecosystemsOliverDeussen1PatHanrahan2BerndLintermann3RadomÂõrMechÏ4MattPharr2PrzemyslawPrusinkiewicz41Otto-von-GuerickeUniversityofMagdeburg2StanfordUniversity3TheZKMCenterforArtandMediaKarlsruhe4TheUniversityofCalgaryAbstractg
2、rasslands,human-madeenvironments,forinstanceparksandgar-dens,andintermediateenvironments,suchaslandsrecolonizedbyModelingandrenderingofnaturalsceneswiththousandsofplantsvegetationafterforest®resorlogging.Modelsoftheseecosystemsposesanumberofproblems.Theterrainmus
3、tbemodeledandplantshaveawiderangeofexistingandpotentialapplications,includingmustbedistributedthroughoutitinarealisticmanner,re¯ectingthecomputer-assistedlandscapeandgardendesign,predictionandvi-interactionsofplantswitheachotherandwiththeirenvironment.sualization
4、oftheeffectsofloggingonthelandscape,visualizationGeometricmodelsofindividualplants,consistentwiththeirpo-ofmodelsofecosystemsforresearchandeducationalpurposes,sitionswithintheecosystem,mustbesynthesizedtopopulatetheandsynthesisofscenesforcomputeranimations,drivea
5、nd¯ightscene.Thescene,whichmayconsistofbillionsofprimitives,mustsimulators,games,andcomputerart.berenderedef®cientlywhileincorporatingthesubtletiesoflightingBeautifulimagesofforestsandmeadowswerecreatedasearlyinanaturalenvironment.as1985byReevesandBlau[50]andfeat
6、uredinthecomputerWehavedevelopedasystembuiltaroundapipelineoftoolsthatanimationTheAdventuresofAndreandWallyB.Â[34].Reevesandaddressthesetasks.TheterrainisdesignedusinganinteractiveBlauorganizedscenemodelingasasequenceofsteps:speci®cationgraphicaleditor.Plantdistr
7、ibutionisdeterminedbyhand(asoneofaterrainmapthatprovidestheelevationofpointsinthescene,woulddowhendesigningagarden),byecosystemsimulation,orbyinteractiveorproceduralplacementofvegetationinthisterrain,acombinationofbothtechniques.Givenparametrizedproceduralmodelin
8、gofindividualplants(grassandtrees),andrenderingofthemodelsofindividualplants,thegeometriccomplexityofthesceneismodels.ThisgeneralschemewasrecentlyfollowedbyChi
