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1、CriticalReviewpubs.acs.org/estEngineeringLight:AdvancesinWavelengthConversionMaterialsforEnergyandEnvironmentalTechnologies†††,†EzraL.Cates,StephanieL.Chinnapongse,Jae-HyukKim,andJae-HongKim*†SchoolofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnolo
2、gy,Atlanta,Georgia30332,UnitedStatesABSTRACT:Upconversionphotoluminescence(UC)occursinopticalmaterialsthatarecapableofabsorbinglowenergyphotonsandemittingphotonsofhigherenergyandshorterwavelength,whiledownconversion(DC)materialsmayabsorbonehighenergyphotonand
3、emittwooflowerenergyforquantumyieldsexceedingunity.Thesewavelengthconversionprocessesallowustotransformelectromagneticradiationsoitmaybemoreeffectivelyutilizedbylight-capturingdevicesandmaterials.Progressindesigningmoreefficientorganicandinorganicphotochemicalco
4、nversionsystemshasinitiatedarecentsurgeinattemptstoapplytheseprocessesforpracticaluses,includingenhancementofmanyenergyandenvironmentaltechnologies.Inthisreview,weintroduceimportantconceptsinUCandDCmaterialsanddiscussthecurrentstatusandchallengestowardtheappl
5、icationofwavelengthconversiontosolarcells,photocatalysis,andantimicrobialsurfaces.1.BACKGROUNDbeenfueledbytheinabilityofthebenchmarkmaterial,TiO2,toproducereactiveoxygenspecieswhenirradiatedwithwave-Thecaptureandutilizationofsolarelectromagneticradiationlengt
6、hslongerthan387nm(3.2eV).Developmentofseveralbyengineeredmaterialsisatopicofimmenseresearchandcatalystswithnarrowerindirectbandgapshaveresulted,continuestoresideattheforefrontofsustainabletechnologyinnovation.Therein,materialsaremostcommonlyemployedincludingW
7、O3,Bi2WO6,andBi2MoO6,withEg=2.8,2.8,and3−5forconvertingsunlightintoelectricityviathephotovoltaic2.6eV,respectively.OthermethodsincludedopingofTiO26−12withimpuritiestoinducemidgapenergylevelsandeffect,thoughthereisalsogreatinterestinusingthephotonsofcouplingofc
8、atalystswithnarrower(direct)bandgapsunlightforphotoelectrochemicalhydrogenproductionandto4,1314,15semiconductorsensitizersororganicsensitizers.Ab-catalyzethedegradationofenvironmentalcont