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1、GRAMMARWITHTABLEOFSIGNS,BIBLIOGRAPHY,EXERCISESFORREADINGAXDGLOSSARYBYADOLFERMAN.TRANSLATEDBYJAMESHENRYBREASTED.WILLIAMSANDNOEGATE,14,HENRIETTASTREET,COVENTGARDEN,LONDONAND20,SOUTHFREDERICKSTREET,EDINBURGH.1894.,tlT>^>-AuthorizedTranslation.AUTHOR'SPREFACE.Astheoutgrowthofpracticalacademicinstr
2、uction,thisbookisdesignedtofacilitateasfaraspossible,forthebeginner,theacquisitionoftheEgyptianlan-guageandwriting,andisalsointendedforthosewhomustdispensewiththeassistanceofateacherinthestudy.Itaimstoacquaintthelearnerwiththosegrammaticalphenomenawhicharewellestablished,andwhichmustguideusint
3、heinterpretationoftexts.ItfurtheraimstoaffordhimascorrectapictureaspossibleofthegeneralstructureoftheEgyptianlanguage.ForthosewhoarefamiliarwiththepeculiarsituationofEgyptianphilology,Ineednotpremisewiththeremark,thatsomethingelseisnecessarytothestudyofEgyptiangrammarifitistobeatallafruitfulst
4、udy,viz.thesimultaneousacquisitionofCoptic.Onewhoisnotfamiliarwiththis,theonlyphaseoftheEgyptianlanguagewhichwereallyunder-stand,willneverproperlycomprehenditinitsolderIVAUTHOR'SPREFACE.periods,nor,atthemosteverattainmorethanasuper-ficialcapacityforreadingEgyptiantextsbyrote.Iwouldthereforereq
5、uestthestudentofmybooktoworkthroughSteindorff'sCopticGrammarabookparallelwiththisandespecially,tonotealsotheconstantcrossreferencesinboth.Theselectionandlimitationofthegrammaticalmaterialofferedespecialdifficulty.TheEgyptianlanguageaswefindit,presentsquitedifferentstagesofdevelopment,andevenle
6、avingLateEgyptianandstilllateridiomsoutofaccount,fifteenhundredyearsofthehistoryofthelanguagestillremaintobedealtwith.Thesedifficultieshavebeensurmoun-tedbyrelegatingtocertainparagraphs(AandB)thepeculiaritiesoftheancientreligiousliteratureandtheinscriptionsoftheoldempireontheonehand,andthoseof
7、thepopularlanguageofthemiddleempireontheother.TheparagraphsthereforedealwithwhatmaybecaUedtheclassiclanguage,thelanguageoftheinscriptionsandpoemsofthemiddleempire,withwhichtheidiomlateremployedasthelearnedandofficiallanguageispracticall
