14 - Spectroscopy & Photochemistry

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1、SPECTROSCOPY&PHOTOCHEMISTRYGeneralChemistryI,LectureSeries14QixiMiReading:OGC7§20©QixiMi2014,exceptpicturesfromtheInternet.1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech2Outline•PrinciplesofSpectroscopy•Experimentaltechniques•Theoreticalbasis•DifferentTypesofSpectroscopy•Atomi

2、c•Rotational&vibrational•Electronic•Nuclearmagneticresonance•Photochemistry1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech3Spectroscopy光谱学andSpectrum光谱Spectroscopystudiestheinteractionsbetweenhνandmatter.Aspectrumisaplotofintensityversushνorλ.AbsorptionTransmissionReflectionEmi

3、ssion吸收透射反射发射WavelengthWavenumberFrequencyPhotonenergyMassspectrumChromatographDiffractogramCrosssection质谱色谱衍射图剖面图Mass-chargeratioRetentiontimeAnglePosition1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech4SpectralRangeWavelength射频微波红外可见紫外X射线γ射线Energy1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,Sh

4、anghaiTech5ApplicationsofSpectroscopyMicrowaveovenFluorescence荧光SpectrumanalyzerMagneticResonanceImaging频谱分析仪周林频谱仪磁共振成像1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech6Outline•PrinciplesofSpectroscopy•Experimentaltechniques•Theoreticalbasis•DifferentTypesofSpectroscopy•Atomic•Ro

5、tational&vibrational•Electronic•Nuclearmagneticresonance•Photochemistry1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech7LightSources1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech8IntensityMeasuringEnergyPrismGrating光栅EnergyInterferometer干涉仪1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech9Intens

6、ityMeasuringIntensityEnergyMicrowaveprobesInfrareddetectorCharge-coupleddevicePhotodiodeFilm(CCD)光电二极管1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech10Outline•PrinciplesofSpectroscopy•Experimentaltechniques•Theoreticalbasis•DifferentTypesofSpectroscopy•Atomic•Rotational&vibrati

7、onal•Electronic•Nuclearmagneticresonance•Photochemistry1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech11IntensityPrinciplesofSpectroscopyConservationofenergy:Energyhν=ΔEConservationofangularmomentum:EΔL=±h/2πBΔL=±h/2π2s2p1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech12IntensitySpectra

8、lIntensityEnergyEI∝N−N,N∝exp−Selectionrules选律i→fifkTB↑↑↑↑↑↓↑↑↑↑↑↑2s2p1/15/2015GeneralChemistryI,ShanghaiTech13