资源描述：
《01 Advances in the development of influenza virus vaccines》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、REVIEWSAdvancesinthedevelopmentofinfluenzavirusvaccinesFlorianKrammer1andPeterPalese1,2Abstract
2、Influenzavirusinfectionsareamajorpublichealthconcernandcausesignificantmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.Currentinfluenzavirusvaccinesareaneffectivecountermeasureagainstinfectionbutn
3、eedtobereformulatedalmosteveryyearowingtoantigenicdrift.Furthermore,thesevaccinesdonotprotectagainstnovelpandemicstrains,andthetimelyproductionofpandemicvaccinesremainsproblematicbecauseofthelimitationsofcurrenttechnology.Severalimprovementshavebeenmaderecentlytoenhanceimmun
4、eprotectioninducedbyseasonalandpandemicvaccines,andtospeedupproductionincaseofapandemic.Importantly,vaccineconstructsthatinducebroadorevenuniversalinfluenzavirusprotectionarecurrentlyinpreclinicalandclinicaldevelopment.Seasonalinfluenzavirusepidemicsareestimatedtoandseverali
5、nternalgenomicsegmentsfromhuman,orAntigenicdriftcause2–5millioncasesofsevereillnessanduptoatleastmammalian,virusorigin3.SeasonalinfluenzaAmechanismbywhichinfluenzavirusesescapefrom250,000–500,000deathsperyearworldwide1.Globalvirusvaccinesareusuallyineffectiveagainstnovelpan-
6、human‘herdimmunity’.annualinfectionratesareestimatedtobe5–10%inadultsdemicviruses;therefore,astrain-specificvaccinehasTheRNA-dependentRNAand20–30%inchildren1.Althoughcurrentinfluenzatobeproduced(FIG. 1).Unfortunately,theproductionpolymeraseofinfluenzavirusvaccinesareaneffect
7、ivecountermeasureagainstofastrain-specificvaccineistime-consumingandthevirusesisrelativelyerrorproneandhasnoproofreadingdisease,thevaccinesinducenarrowandstrain-specificvaccinemightbedistributedandadministeredtoolate,mechanism,resultinginahighimmunity(seeBOX 1formechanismsof
8、anti-influenzaaswasthecasein2009intheUnitedStates6.frequencyofpointmutations.immunity)andhavetobeupdatedinacomplex,costlyHere,wedescribeimprovementsthathavebeenImmunologicpressureintheandtime-consumingprocessalmosteveryyearbecausemadeintheproductionprocessofbothseasonalandhu
9、manpopulationthenselectsformutantsthatcanescapeofantigenicdrift.Fourdistinc
