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1、RESEARCHFRONTCSIROPUBLISHINGReviewwww.publish.csiro.au/journals/ajcAust.J.Chem.2011,64,1007–1025ProgressTowardRobustPolymerHydrogelsAA,BASinaNaficy,HughR.Brown,JoselitoM.Razal,A,B,CA,CGeoffreyM.Spinks,andPhilipG.WhittenAIntelligentPolymerResearchInstituteandARCC
2、entreofExcellenceinElectromaterialsScience,UniversityofWollongong,InnovationCampus,SquiresWay,FairyMeadow,NSW,2519,Australia.BSchoolofMechanical,MaterialsandMechatronicEngineering,UniversityofWollongong,NorthfieldsAvenue,Wollongong,NSW,2522,Australia.CCorrespond
3、ingauthors.Email:gspinks@uow.edu.au;whitten@uow.edu.auInthisreviewwehighlightnewdevelopmentsintoughhydrogelmaterialsintermsoftheirenhancedmechanicalperformanceandtheircorrespondingtougheningmechanisms.Thesemechanicallyrobusthydrogelshavebeendevelopedoverthepast1
4、0yearswithmanynowshowingmechanicalpropertiescomparablewiththoseofnaturaltissues.Byfirstreviewingthebrittlenessofconventionalsynthetichydrogels,weintroduceeachnewclassoftoughhydrogel:homogeneousgels,slip-linkgels,double-networkgels,nanocompositegelsandgelsformedu
5、singpoly-functionalcrosslinkers.Ineachcaseweprovideadescriptionofthefractureprocessthatmaybeoccurring.Withtheexceptionofdoublenetworkgelswheretheenhancedtoughnessisquitewellunderstood,thesedescriptionsremaintobeconfirmed.Wealsointroducematerialpropertychartsforc
6、onventionalandtoughsynthetichydrogelstoillustratethewiderangeofmechanicalandswellingpropertiesexhibitedbythesematerialsandtohighlightlinksbetweenthesepropertiesandthenetworktopology.Finally,weprovidesomesuggestionsforfurtherworkparticularlywithregardtosomeunansw
7、eredquestionsandpossibleavenuesforfurtherenhancementofgeltoughness.Manuscriptreceived:20April2011.Manuscriptaccepted:18July2011.Introductionusuallysomeformofwater-swollenpolymergel).Gelshave[1]Hydrogelsarethree-dimensionalsolidnetworksmadefromthelowestmoduli(mat
8、erialstiffness)ofallmaterialsandare,[2–4]hydrophilicpolymerchainswithchemicalorphysicalcross-therefore,ofgreatinterestforbiomedicalimplants.Hereitislinking.Becauseoft
