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1、CurrentMedicinalChemistry,2012,19,757-762757Polysaccharide-K(PSK)inCancer–OldStory,NewPossibilities?1,2132,1C.Sun,A.H.Rosendahl,X.D.Wang,D.Q.Wu,R.Andersson*1DepartmentofSurgery,ClinicalSciencesLund,LundUniversity,Lund,Sweden2SecondAffiliatedHospital,HarbinMedicalUniversity,Harb
2、in,China3FudanUniversity,Shanghai,ChinaAbstract:Polysaccharide-K(PSK,Krestin)isoneofthemostcommonlyusedmedicinalmushroomextractswithalonghistoryasanadditiveincancertherapyinAsia,especiallyinJapan.PSKhasadocumentedanti-tumoractivitybothinvitroandinvitro,invarioustypesofcancers,i
3、ncludingcolorectal,gastric,breast,liver,pancreatic,andlungcancer.DespitePSKhavingbeenstudiedforabout40yearsasanimmunemodulatorandbiologicalresponsemodifier,themechanismsofactionbyPSKhavenotyetbeenclearlyandcompletelyelucidated.Thisreviewaimstoprovideanup-to-dateaccountfortheeff
4、ectsofPSKincancerwiththehopeoftherebyprovidinganincreasedunderstandingofthemolecularmechanismsofPSKandalsoitspotentialasanadditiveinmoderncancertherapy.Keywords:Cancer,CAM,immunology,immuneactivation,Krestin,mechanism,medicinalmushroom,polysaccharide-K,PSK,therapy.INTRODUCTIONT
5、heapproximatemolecularweightofPSKis94kDa.PSKconsistsofapproximately25%peptideresiduesand75%AccordingtotheWHO(WorldHealthOrganization),cancerissaccharideresidues.LiquidchromatographicanalysisofPSKafteraleadingcauseofdeathworldwide,anditaccountedfor7.5millionhydrochloricacidhydro
6、lysisrevealsthatthepeptideportionofPSKdeaths(about13.3%ofalldeathsworldwide)in2008[1].Lung,consistsmainlyoftheacidicaminoacidsglutamicandasparticstomach,liverandpancreaticcancersremaintheleadingcausesofacid,andtheneutralaminoacidsleucineandvaline.Otheraminocancer-relateddeaths.
7、DeathsfromcancerworldwideareprojectedacidsinPSKaree.g.threonine,serine,andglycine(Table1)[2,6].tocontinuetoincreaseduetodietaryandlifestylefactorssuchasThemajormonosaccharideconstituentisglucose,whileotherobesityandsmokingaswellasenvironmentalexposurese.g.saccharidessuchasmanno
8、se,fucose,xyloseandgalactoseareprogressofpollution,wit
