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1、WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare(1564年4月23日–1616年4月23日)wasanEnglishpoet,playwrightandactor,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguageandtheworld'spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland'snationalpoetandthe"BardofAvon".Hisextantworks,includingsomecollabora
2、tions,consistofabout38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoems,andafewotherverses,theauthorshipofsomeofwhichisuncertain.Hisplayshavebeentranslatedintoeverymajorlivinglanguageandareperformedmoreoftenthanthoseofanyotherplaywright.AsadramatistShakespeare’scareerisusuallydividedi
3、ntothreeperiods.Thefirstperioddatesfrom1590----1600.Inthisperiodhewrotemostofhishistoricalplaysandcomedies,andafewearlytragedies,andtheseplaysareimbuedwithanoptimisticatmosphereofhumanism.AmongthebestknownofthisperiodareRomeoandJuliet(1594)andtheMerchantofVenice(1596).These
4、condperiod,from1601----1608,includeschieflyhisgreattragedies:Hamlet(1601),Othello(1604),KingLear(1605),Macbeth(1605)andTimonofAthens(1609).Theoutstandingtragi-comedyMeasureforMeasure(1604)alsobelongtothisperiod.Intheabove-mentionedplaysarereflectedthesocialcontradictionsoft
5、heage.Thethirdperioddatesfrom1609----1612.InthisperiodShakespearechieflywrotethreetragi-comedies,ofwhichTheTempest(1612)isthemostsignificant.IntheselastplaysweseeShakespeare’soptimisticfaithinthefutureofhumanity,atthesametimewealsoseethedramatist’sUtopianism.Shakespeare’sma
6、sterpiecesareasthefollowing:Fourtragedies:Hamlet,PrinceofDenmark;Othello);KingLear;Macbeth）Fourcomedies:Twelfthnight;Amidsummernight'sdream;ThemerchantofVenice;Muchadoaboutnothing（人教版教材称Asyoulikeit）Historicalplays:KingHenryⅣ;ThelifeofKingHenryⅤ;ThelifeanddeathofKingRichardⅡ
7、TheSonnets;Twolongpoems:TheRapeofLucrece鲁克丽丝失贞记VenusandAdonis维纳斯和阿多尼斯BenJohnson’scommentonShakespeareis“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime,说他“10不属于一个时代而属于千秋万代”。英国古典主义者德莱登(JohnDryden，1631-1700)认为“莎士比亚有一颗通天之心．能够了解一切人物和激情。”德国狂飙运动的先锋歌德（JohannWolfgangvonGoethe，1749—1832），说：“我读到他的第一页．
8、就使我一生都属于他了；读完第一部，我就像一个生下来的盲人，一只奇异的手在瞬间使我的双眼看到了光明……感谢赐我智慧的神灵。”19世纪的法国现实主义作家雨果（Victo
