英美文学的相关名词解释以及问答

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1、一．选择题二．名词解释（5个）1.AmericanTranscendentalismTranscendentalismwasagroupofnewideasinliterature,religion,culture,andphilosophythatemergedinNewEnglandintheearlytomiddle19thcentury.ItissometimescalledAmericanTranscendentalism.•EmphasizingspiritandtheOversoulasthemostimpo

2、rtantthingintheuniverseasareactionagainstNewtonianconceptoftheuniverse,thedirectionthatamechanized,capitalistAmericawastaking,andthepopulartendencytogetaheadinworldaffairstotheneglectofspiritualwelfare.•Stressingtheimportanceoftheindividualandindividual'scapabilit

3、yforself-regenerationandself-perfectionasareactionagainsttheCalvinistconceptofhumanbeingsandtheprocessofdehumanizationthatcameinthewakeofdevelopingcapitalism.•OfferingafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpres

4、ence,thegarmentoftheOversoul,exertingahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmind.2.MetaphysicalpoetryAloosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcentury,whosharedaninterestinmetaphysicalconcernsandacommonwayofinvestigatingthem.Thelabel"metaphysical"wasgivenmuchlaterb

5、ySamuelJohnsoninhisLifeofCowley.Thesepoetsthemselvesdidnotformaschoolorstartamovement;mostofthemdidnotevenknoworreadeachother.3.ByronicHeroTheByronicheroisanidealisedbutflawedcharacterexemplifiedinthelifeandwritingsofLordByron,characterisedbyhisex-loverLadyCarolin

6、eLambasbeing"mad,badanddangeroustoknow".[1]TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812-18).4.Theprecursorofsocialistmovementvisualizinganewsocialorderbasedontheregenerationofmanandthevirtueoflove*5.Heroicc

7、oupletAheroiccoupletisatradtionalformforEnglishpoetry,commonlyusedfoepicandnarrativepoetry;itreferstopoemsconstructedfromasequenceofrhymingpairsofiambicpentamaterlines.Theryhmeisalwaysmasculine.UseoftheheroiccoupletwasfirstpioneeredbyGeofferyChaucer.英雄双音句体指英诗的一种形式

8、，通常用于史诗和叙事诗。这样的诗歌是由很多对押韵的抑扬五步格诗行组成的。所压的韵很阳刚。英雄双音句体的使用首先由乔叟开创。（来自参考书）6.ThomasHardy’sfatalismanddeterminismHardyassertsthatinhis"pilgrimage"oflifehehasmet