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1、Reportoflesson2Hiroshima—the“Liveliest”CityinJapanBackgroundinformationHiroshimaisthecapitalofHiroshimaPrefecture,means"WideIsland"inJapanese.HiroshimagainedcitystatusonApril1,1889.OnApril1,1980,Hiroshimabecameadesignatedcity.Asof2006,thecityhadanestimatedpopulation
2、of1,154,391.KazumiMatsuihasbeenthecity'smayorsinceApril2011.HiroshimaisbestknownasthefirstcityinhistorytobetargetedbyanuclearweaponwhentheUnitedStatesArmyAirForcesdroppedanatomicbombonthecityat8:15a.m.onAugust6,1945,neartheendofWorldWarII.DuringWorldWarII,the2ndGene
3、ralArmyandChugokuRegionalArmywereheadquarteredinHiroshima,andtheArmyMarineHeadquarterswaslocatedatUjinaport.Thecityalsohadlargedepotsofmilitarysupplies,andwasakeycenterforshipping.OnMonday,August6,1945,at8:15a.m.,thenuclearbomb"LittleBoy"wasdroppedonHiroshimabyanAme
4、ricanB-29bomber,theEnolaGay,flownbyColonelPaulTibbets,directlykillinganestimated80,000people.Thepopulationbeforethebombingwasaround340,000to350,000.Approximately70%ofthecity'sbuildingsweredestroyed,andanother7%severelydamaged.Atthetimeofitsbombing,Hiroshimawasacityo
5、fbothindustrialandmilitarysignificance.Anumberofmilitaryunitswerelocatednearby,themostimportantofwhichwastheheadquartersofFieldMarshalShunrokuHata'sSecondGeneralArmy,whichcommandedthedefenseofallofsouthernJapan,andwaslocatedinHiroshimaCastle.Over40,000militaryperson
6、nelwerestationedinthecity.HiroshimawasaminorsupplyandlogisticsbasefortheJapanesemilitary,butitalsohadlargestockpilesofmilitarysupplies.Thecitywasalsoacommunicationscenter,akeyportforshippingandanassemblyareafortroops.ItwasalsothesecondlargestcityinJapanafterKyototha
7、twasstillundamagedbyairraids,duetothefactthatitlackedtheaircraftmanufacturingindustrythatwastheXXIBomberCommand'sprioritytarget.OnJuly3,theJointChiefsofStaffplaceditofflimitstobombers,alongwithKokura,NiigataandKyoto.Thecenterofthecitycontainedseveralreinforcedconcre
8、tebuildingsandlighterstructures.Outsidethecenter,theareawascongestedbyadensecollectionofsmalltimber-madeworkshopssetamongJapanesehouses.Af
