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1、Hiroshima---theLiveliestCityinJapanRHETORICtenor(subject):theconcept,object,orpersonmeantinametaphorvehicle(reference):amediumthroughwhichsomethingisexpressed,achieved,ordisplayedSimile:Asimilemakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethingshavingatleastonequalit
2、yorcharacteristicincommon.Thetwothingscomparedmustbedissimilarandthebasisofresemblanceisusuallyanabstractquality.Thevehicleisalmostalwaysintroducedbytheword"like"or"as". Self-criticismisasnecessarytousasairorwater. Thewaterlaygreyandwrinkledlikeanelep
3、hant'sskin. Myverythoughtswereliketheghostlyrustleofdeadleaves. Thebuswentasslowlyasasnail. Hereyeswerejetblack,andherhairwaslikeawaterfall.Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative,thatis,theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexists
4、onlyinourminds,andnotinthenatureofthethingsthemselves. Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.Metaphor:Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikethings,butthecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Somesayitthesubstitutionof
5、onethingforanother,ortheidentificationoftwothingsfromdifferentrangesofthought.Contrarytoasimileinwhichtheresemblancebetweentwounlikethingsisclearlystated,inametaphornothingismentioned.Itisoftenlooselydefinedas"animpliedcomparison","asimilewithout'like'o
6、r'as'".Metaphorisconsideredthemostimportantandbasicpoeticfigureandalsothecommonestthemostbeautiful. Snowclothestheground. Thetownwasstormedafteralongsiege. Boysandgirls,tumblinginthestreetsandplaying,weremovingjewels. Ihadalumpinmythroat Atlastthis
7、intermezzocametoanend... Iwasagaincrushedbythethought... ...whenthemeaning...sankin,joltingme...Metonymy(借代):InLatin,metameanschangewhileonymameansname,sometonymymeansthechangeofname.Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofon
8、ethingforthatofanother.Thissubstitutednamemaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit.Inotherwords,itinvolvesachangeofname. Shewasagirlwhoexcitedtheemotions,butIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead. Hetooktothebottle
