英语四级课程-阅读(徐磊)-讲义

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1、Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.Whe

2、nyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.

3、AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehowtheresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaidavoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceis

4、impossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerousmany—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofs

5、tresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity﹖Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicala

6、ndmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmentalstrain.21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsus____.　　Athewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestress　　Bwhatshouldbedonetoavoidstress　　Cwhatkindofeventwouldc

7、ausestress　　Dhowtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife22.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970’sledto____.　　Awidespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffects　　Bgreatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcause　　Canintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnesses　　Dpopularavoidanceofstressfuljobs23.Thescore

8、oftheHolmes-Rahetestshows____.　　Ahowmuchpressureyouar